Table 7.

Sexual dimorphism in immune processes.

Immune functions	Difference between males and females
Immunosenescence	Greater in human males (265)
IgM levels	Greater in human females (266, 267)
Allograft rejection	Greater in females (268)
In vitro response to mitogens	Greater in females (269, 270)
Resistance to the induction of immune tolerance	Greater in females (271)
Ability to combat infection	Greater in females (272, 273)
Response to vaccination	Greater in human females (274)
Th1 responses	Greater in females (275)
Antigen presentation of peptides	More efficient in female mice (270)
Phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages	Greater in female rats (276)