TABLE 4.
Linear regression models of MedDiet scores (MEDAS, MEDAS Continuous and Pyramid) with cognitive outcomes living in Mediterranean (FMT: n = 437; RBANS: n = 609) and non-Mediterranean countries (FMT: n = 707; RBANS: n = 1,217). Unadjusted Model: MedDiet Score; Fully Adjusted Model: MedDiet Score, sex, age, education, family history, APOE, physical activity, smoking, sleep, BMI, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycaemia, diabetes, stroke, antihypertensive medication use, diabetic medication use. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
| Cognitive test | Mediterranean | Non-mediterranean | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDAS | MEDAS continuous | Pyramid | MEDAS | MEDAS continuous | Pyramid | |||||||
| Unadjusted | Fully adjusted | Unadjusted | Fully adjusted | Unadjusted | Fully adjusted | Unadjusted | Fully adjusted | Unadjusted | Fully adjusted | Unadjusted | Fully adjusted | |
| 4 Mountains test | β: 0.21 SE: 0.07 p: 0.005** | β: 0.14 SE: 0.07 p: 0.049* | β: 0.08 SE: 0.09 p: 0.37 | β: −0.02 SE: 0.08 p: 0.81 | β: −0.006 SE: 0.09 p: 0.95 | β: −0.06 SE: 0.08 p: 0.51 | β: 0.14 SE: 0.06 p: 0.01* | β: 0.11 SE: 0.05 p: 0.045* | β: 0.13 SE: 0.06 p: 0.03* | β: 0.11 SE: 0.06 p: 0.07 | β: 0.06 SE: 0.07 p: 0.37 | β: 0.04 SE: 0.06 p: 0.48 |
| RBANS total scale | β: 0.06 SE: 0.40 p: 0.89 | β: −0.20 SE: 0.37 p: 0.59 | β: 0.09 SE: 0.46 p: 0.85 | β: −0.07 SE: 0.43 p: 0.87 | β: −0.30 SE: 0.48 p: 0.54 | β: −0.57 SE: 0.45 p: 0.21 | β: 0.33 SE: 0.25 p: 0.18 | β: −0.05 SE: 0.24 p: 0.85 | β: 0.24 SE: 0.27 p: 0.38 | β: -0.09 SE: 0.26 p: 0.74 | β: 0.39 SE: 0.29 p: 0.18 | β: 0.22 SE: 0.28 p: 0.42 |
| RBANS attention index | β: 0.46 SE: 0.43 p: 0.29 | β: 0.07 SE: 0.42 p: 0.87 | β: 0.39 SE: 0.50 p: 0.44 | β: 0.09 SE: 0.48 p: 0.86 | β: −0.24 SE: 0.53 p: 0.65 | β: −0.66 SE: 0.50 p: 0.19 | β: 0.04 SE: 0.28 p: 0.89 | β: −0.24 SE: 0.28 p: 0.39 | β: −0.007 SE: 0.31 p: 0.98 | β: −0.26 SE: 0.31 p: 0.41 | β: -0.16 SE: 0.33 p: 0.64 | β: −0.32 SE: 0.33 p: 0.434 |
| RBANS delayed memory index | β: 0.16 SE: 0.46 p: 0.73 | β: −0.05 SE: 0.44 p: 0.91 | β: 0.29 SE: 0.53 p: 0.56 | β: 0.15 SE: 0.51 p: 0.76 | β: 0.06 SE: 0.56 p: 0.91 | β: −0.05 SE: 0.53 p: 0.93 | β: 0.35 SE: 0.27 p: 0.20 | β: 0.03 SE: 0.26 p: 0.90 | β: 0.20 SE: 0.29 p: 0.50 | β: 0.003 SE: 0.29 p: 0.99 | β: 0.66 SE: 0.31 p: 0.03* | β: 0.50 SE: 0.30 p: 0.10 |
| RBANS immediate memory index | β: 0.08 SE: 0.42 p: 0.85 | β: −0.17 SE: 0.40 p: 0.67 | β: −0.06 SE: 0.48 p: 0.90 | β: −0.20 SE: 0.46 p: 0.66 | β: −0.44 SE: 0.51 p: 0.39 | β: −0.65 SE: 0.48 p: 0.18 | β: 0.75 SE: 0.25 p: 0.003** | β: 0.31 SE: 0.24 p: 0.21 | β: 0.82 SE: 0.28 p: 0.003** | β: 0.43 SE: 0.27 p: 0.11 | β: 1.02 SE: 0.30 p: 0.0006*** | β: 0.83 SE: 0.28 p: 0.003** |
| RBANS language index | β: −0.08 SE: 0.26 p: 0.77 | β: −0.04 SE: 0.26 p: 0.86 | β: 0.24 SE: 0.30 p: 0.43 | β: 0.37 SE: 0.30 p: 0.21 | β: −0.30 SE: 0.32 p: 0.34 | β: −0.27 SE: 0.31 p: 0.39 | β: 0.03 SE: 0.20 p: 0.90 | β: −0.16 SE: 0.20 p: 0.43 | β: −0.01 SE: 0.22 p: 0.95 | β: −0.17 SE: 0.22 p: 0.43 | β: 0.12 SE: 0.24 p: 0.60 | β: 0.10 SE: 0.23 p: 0.67 |
| RBANS Visuo-constructional Index | β: −0.07 SE: 0.44 p: 0.88 | β: −0.22 SE: 0.43 p: 0.61 | β: −0.08 SE: 0.51 p: 0.88 | β: −0.25 SE: 0.50 p: 0.62 | β: −0.11 SE: 0.53 p: 0.84 | β: −0.38 SE: 0.52 p: 0.47 | β: 0.0001 SE: 0.03 p: 0.997 | β: −0.12 SE: 0.26 p: 0.65 | β: −0.25 SE: 0.29 p: 0.40 | β: −0.41 SE: 0.29 p: 0.16 | β: −0.28 SE: 0.31 p: 0.38 | β: −0.34 SE: 0.30 p: 0.26 |