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. 2022 Dec 9;10:1038491. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1038491

Table 2B.

Baseline characteristics of female participants according to tertile increment of calf circumference.

Variables Women P-value
Calf circumference
Tertile 1 Tertile 2 Tertile 3
(n = 197) (n = 209) (n = 185)
(<33.20) (33.20-35.50) (>35.50)
Age (years) 65.17 ± 7.61 64.45 ± 7.43 62.60 ± 7.25 0.003
BMI (kg/m2) 21.90 ± 2.65 24.32 ± 2.67 27.43 ± 3.45 <0.001
Waist circumference (cm) 77.66 ± 9.05 83.48 ± 8.50 89.98 ± 9.09 <0.001
ASMI (kg/m2) 6.45 ± 0.48 6.84 ± 0.49 7.30 ± 0.60 <0.001
Exercise habit n(%) 152(77.16) 154(73.68) 123(66.49) 0.06
Income (NTD) n(%) 0.26
  <20,000 170(86.29) 168(80.38) 145(78.38)
 20,001–40,000 21(10.66) 32(15.31) 28(15.14)
 >40,000 6(3.05) 9(4.31) 12(6.49)
HTN n(%) 48(24.37) 66(31.58) 72(38.92) 0.01*
DM n(%) 25(12.69) 30(14.35) 22(11.89) 0.76
Hyperlipidemia n(%) 22(11.17) 37(17.70) 24(12.97) 0.15
Hand grip strength (kg) 22.26 ± 4.39 24.03 ± 4.00 25.09 ± 5.09 <0.001
Gait speed (m/s) 1.39 ± 0.26 1.44 ± 0.23 1.45 ± 0.23 0.04*

Clinical characteristics are expressed as mean ± SD values for continuous variables and as n (%) for categorical variables.

P-values were derived from the independent two-sample t-test for continuous variables and from the chi-square test for categorical variables.

*P < 0.05.

P < (0.05/16).

BMI, body mass index; ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension.