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. 2022 Dec 9;13:1074289. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1074289

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Illustration of the SARS-CoV-2 structure and genome. (A) SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the cluster of β-coronaviruses with spherically enveloped virions. Envelope glycoproteins such as spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), and membrane protein (M) are embedded in a lipid bilayer envelope. Nucleocapsid protein (N) coupled with single-stranded positive-sense viral RNA is inside the envelope. Through the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells. (B) The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes four major structural proteins (S, E, M, N), 16 non-structural proteins (nsp), and 8 accessory proteins.