TABLE 3.
The associations between pregnancy‐related physical symptoms in the first trimester, and pregnancy and birth complications
| Pregnancy complications | Block I: Adjusted for age and sociodemograpic characteristics | Block II: Adjusted for physical and mental health and resources | Block III: Adjusted for reproductive background | Adjusted for all blocks | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | OR [95%CI] | P‐value | OR [95%CI] | P‐value | OR [95%CI] | P‐value | OR [95%CI] | P‐value | OR [95%CI] | P‐value |
| Nausea | 0.77 [0.50–1.19] | 0.24 | 0.82 [0.53–1.28] | 0.39 | 0.76 [0.49–1.19] | 0.23 | 0.74 [0.48–1.15] | 0.19 | 0.75 [0.47–1.18] | 0.20 |
| Vomiting | 0.94 [0.69–1.28] | 0.69 | 0.98 [0.72–1.35] | 0.91 | 0.95 [0.70–1.30] | 0.75 | 0.91 [0.67–1.24] | 0.55 | 0.96 [0.70–1.33] | 0.82 |
| Back pain | 1.08 [0.79–1.47] | 0.63 | 1.09 [0.79–1.50] | 0.58 | 1.09 [0.79–1.49] | 0.60 | 1.04 [0.76–1.42] | 0.83 | 1.06 [0.76–1.47] | 0.74 |
| Pelvic girdle pain | 1.55 [1.14–2.11] | 0.005 | 1.65 [1.20–2.26] | 0.002 | 1.55 [1.13–2.12] | 0.01 | 1.56 [1.14–2.13] | 0.005 | 1.62 [1.17–2.25] | 0.003 |
| Pelvic cavity pain | 1.52 [1.11–2.08] | 0.008 | 1.50 [1.09–2.07] | 0.01 | 1.47 [1.06–2.03] | 0.02 | 1.53 [1.11–2.10] | 0.01 | 1.53 [1.10–2.14] | 0.012 |
| Vaginal bleeding | 1.52 [1.05–2.18] | 0.03 | 1.48 [1.02–2.13] | 0.04 | 1.50 [1.04–2.17] | 0.03 | 1.54 [1.07–2.21] | 0.02 | 1.52 [1.04–2.20] | 0.03 |
| Itching of vulva | 0.93 [0.63–1.38] | 0.73 | 0.96 [0.65–1.43] | 0.85 | 0.91 [0.61–1.36] | 0.65 | 0.92 [0.62–1.37] | 0.69 | 0.93 [0.62–1.39] | 0.73 |
| Pregnancy itching | 0.72 [0.47–1.12] | 0.15 | 0.71 [0.46–1.11] | 0.14 | 0.73 [0.47–1.14] | 0.16 | 0.72 [0.46–1.12] | 0.14 | 0.72 [0.46–1.13] | 0.15 |
| Leg cramp | 0.83 [0.49–1.41] | 0.49 | 0.79 [0.46–1.37] | 0.41 | 0.84 [0.49–1.45] | 0.53 | 0.81 [0.47–1.38] | 0.44 | 0.78 [0.45–1.36] | 0.38 |
| Uterine contractions | 0.74 [0.33–1.65] | 0.46 | 0.80 [0.35–1.82] | 0.59 | 0.79 [0.35–1.79] | 0.57 | 0.76 [0.34–1.69] | 0.50 | 0.80 [0.34–1.84] | 0.59 |
| Varicose veins* | 0.89 [0.35–2.32] | 0.82 | 0.93 [0.35–2.45] | 0.88 | 0.89 [0.34–2.34] | 0.81 | 0.91 [0.35–2.36] | 0.84 | 0.84 [0.31–2.27] | 0.73 |
| Birth complications | ||||||||||
| Variable | OR [95%CI] | P‐value | OR [95%CI] | P‐value | OR [95%CI] | P‐value | OR [95%CI] | P‐value | OR [95%CI] | P‐value |
| Nausea | 0.89 [0.56–1.43] | 0.64 | 1.00 [0.62–1.63] | 1.00 | 0.93 [0.57–1.50] | 0.77 | 0.88 [0.55–1.43] | 0.61 | 1.00 [0.61–1.65] | 0.99 |
| Vomiting | 1.28 [0.94–1.75] | 0.12 | 1.31 [0.95–1.82] | 0.10 | 1.24 [0.90–1.70] | 0.19 | 1.27 [0.93–1.74] | 0.14 | 1.31 [0.94–1.82] | 0.11 |
| Back pain | 1.35 [0.99–1.85] | 0.06 | 1.36 [0.98–1.88] | 0.07 | 1.36 [0.99–1.88] | 0.06 | 1.34 [0.97–1.85] | 0.08 | 1.38 [0.98–1.93] | 0.06 |
| Pelvic girdle pain | 1.25 [0.91–1.72] | 0.17 | 1.27 [0.91–1.76] | 0.16 | 1.27 [0.92–1.77] | 0.15 | 1.22 [0.88–1.70] | 0.23 | 1.25 [0.89–1.76] | 0.20 |
| Pelvic cavity pain | 1.16 [0.85–1.59] | 0.36 | 1.06 [0.76–1.47] | 0.73 | 1.01 [0.73–1.41] | 0.94 | 1.17 [0.85–1.61] | 0.34 | 1.01 [0.72–1.42] | 0.96 |
| Vaginal bleeding | 1.25 [0.84–1.86] | 0.26 | 1.27 [0.85–1.90] | 0.25 | 1.22 [0.81–1.82] | 0.34 | 1.26 [0.85–1.88] | 0.25 | 1.26 [0.83–1.90] | 0.28 |
| Itching of vulva | 1.14 [0.77–1.68] | 0.51 | 1.17 [0.79–1.74] | 0.42 | 1.16 [0.78–1.71] | 0.47 | 1.12 [0.76–1.65] | 0.58 | 1.16 [0.77–1.74] | 0.47 |
| Pregnancy itching | 0.94 [0.62–1.43] | 0.76 | 0.90 [0.59–1.39] | 0.64 | 0.92 [0.60–1.41] | 0.72 | 0.91 [0.60–1.39] | 0.67 | 0.89 [0.57–1.38] | 0.60 |
| Leg cramp | 0.97 [0.58–1.64] | 0.92 | 0.93 [0.54–1.60] | 0.80 | 0.97 [0.57–1.66] | 0.92 | 0.95 [0.56–1.62] | 0.86 | 0.92 [0.53–1.60] | 0.7691 |
| Uterine contractions | 0.91 [0.43–1.94] | 0.81 | 1.06 [0.48–2.30] | 0.89 | 1.27 [0.58–2.78] | 0.55 | 0.93 [0.43–1.99] | 0.84 | 1.33 [0.60–2.95] | 0.4885 |
Note: Due to low numbers, varicose veins could not be reported as birth complications.