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Metabolic pathway of the BCAA leucine to its derivative HMB. α-KG: α-ketoglutarate, Glu: glutamate, Pyr: pyruvate, Ala: alanine, Gln: glutamine, KIC: α-ketoisocaproate, HMB: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, HMG-CoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA, HB: beta-hydroxybutyrate.Numbers represent the key enzimes of the pathway; 1: branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT), 2: α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH), 3: KIC dioxygenase.
