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. 2022 Dec 13;23(24):15804. doi: 10.3390/ijms232415804

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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LncRNAs and circRNAs. Gene A comprises 4 exons (in green, red, yellow and blue, respectively). Its promoter is depicted in violet. Intergenic lncRNAs are generated by transcription of sequences between genes; intronic lncRNAs are generated by transcription of intronic regions between exons of a coding gene; antisense lncRNAs are produced by transcription of the antisense DNA strand; bidirectional lncRNAs are produced from the antisense transcription starting from the promoter of the coding gene; enhancer RNAs are derived from enhancer sequences; pseudogene lncRNAs are produced by transcription of genes carrying inactivating mutations (pseudogenes). Mutation is marked by an asterisk. circRNAs are produced from (left to right) intronic sequences, single exons, multiple exons and intronic and exonic sequences.