Table 2.
Imaging characteristics.
| Characteristic | Total (n = 101) | Good Outcome (n = 88) | Poor Outcome (n = 13) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraminal herniation | 5 (5.0%) | 4 (4.5%) | 1 (7.7%) | 0.505 |
| Extraforaminal herniation | 4 (4.0%) | 3 (3.4%) | 1 (7.7%) | 0.429 |
| Cephalad/caudal migration | 50 (49.5%) | 43 (48.9%) | 7 (53.8%) | 0.775 |
| HIZ on protruded disc | 23 (22.8%) | 22 (25.0%) | 1 (7.7%) | 0.288 |
| Disc height | 0.279 ± 0.077 | 0.278 ± 0.080 | 0.283 ± 0.053 | 0.756 |
| Posterior intervertebral angle ≥ 5° | 3 (3.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 2 (15.4%) | 0.043 |
| Spondylolisthesis | 5 (5.0%) | 5 (5.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Herniation level | 0.868 | |||
| L1/2 | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| L2/3 | 3 (3.0%) | 3 (3.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| L3/4 | 12 (11.9%) | 10 (11.4%) | 2 (15.4%) | |
| L4/5 | 41 (40.6%) | 35 (39.8%) | 6 (46.2%) | |
| L5/S1 | 44 (43.6%) | 39 (44.3%) | 5 (38.5%) | |
| Pfirrmann classification | 0.712 | |||
| II | 9 (8.9%) | 8 (9.1%) | 1 (7.7%) | |
| III | 48 (47.5%) | 43 (48.9%) | 5 (38.5%) | |
| IV | 41 (40.6%) | 34 (38.6%) | 7 (53.8%) | |
| V | 3 (3.0%) | 3 (3.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Modic change | 0.788 | |||
| Type I | 3 (3.0%) | 3 (3.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Type II | 18 (17.8%) | 16 (18.2%) | 2 (15.4%) | |
| Type III | 13 (12.9%) | 12 (13.6%) | 1 (7.7%) |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). HIZ, high-intensity zone.