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. 2022 Dec 18;58(12):1868. doi: 10.3390/medicina58121868

Table 2.

Imaging characteristics.

Characteristic Total (n = 101) Good Outcome (n = 88) Poor Outcome (n = 13) p-Value
Foraminal herniation 5 (5.0%) 4 (4.5%) 1 (7.7%) 0.505
Extraforaminal herniation 4 (4.0%) 3 (3.4%) 1 (7.7%) 0.429
Cephalad/caudal migration 50 (49.5%) 43 (48.9%) 7 (53.8%) 0.775
HIZ on protruded disc 23 (22.8%) 22 (25.0%) 1 (7.7%) 0.288
Disc height 0.279 ± 0.077 0.278 ± 0.080 0.283 ± 0.053 0.756
Posterior intervertebral angle ≥ 5° 3 (3.0%) 1 (1.1%) 2 (15.4%) 0.043
Spondylolisthesis 5 (5.0%) 5 (5.7%) 0 (0%) 1.000
Herniation level 0.868
L1/2 1 (1.0%) 1 (1.1%) 0 (0%)
L2/3 3 (3.0%) 3 (3.4%) 0 (0%)
L3/4 12 (11.9%) 10 (11.4%) 2 (15.4%)
L4/5 41 (40.6%) 35 (39.8%) 6 (46.2%)
L5/S1 44 (43.6%) 39 (44.3%) 5 (38.5%)
Pfirrmann classification 0.712
II 9 (8.9%) 8 (9.1%) 1 (7.7%)
III 48 (47.5%) 43 (48.9%) 5 (38.5%)
IV 41 (40.6%) 34 (38.6%) 7 (53.8%)
V 3 (3.0%) 3 (3.4%) 0 (0%)
Modic change 0.788
Type I 3 (3.0%) 3 (3.4%) 0 (0%)
Type II 18 (17.8%) 16 (18.2%) 2 (15.4%)
Type III 13 (12.9%) 12 (13.6%) 1 (7.7%)

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). HIZ, high-intensity zone.