Table 2.

Univariable Cox regression to identify significant risk factors for all-cause mortality.

Parameter	Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)	p-Value
Demographic
Age	1.09 (1.09−1.09)	<0.001
Male	1.13 (1.12−1.15)	<0.001
Medications
Biguanide	0.58 (0.57−0.58)	<0.001
Sulphonylurea	1.28 (1.26−1.30)	<0.001
Insulin	1.94 (1.91−1.97)	<0.001
Thiazolidinedione	0.79 (0.74−0.83)	<0.001
Meglitinide	1.48 (0.80−2.75)	<0.001
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors	0.48 (0.37−0.62)	<0.001
Glucagon-like receptor peptide-1 agonists	0.30 (0.07−1.19)	<0.001
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers	1.43 (1.41−1.45)	<0.001
Beta-blockers	1.32 (1.31−1.34)	<0.001
Calcium channel blockers	1.82 (1.80−1.85)	<0.001
Lipid-lowering agents	1.30 (1.28−1.32)	<0.001
Comorbidities
Coronary heart disease (CHD)	2.17 (2.13−2.21)	<0.001
Atrial fibrillation (AF)	3.42 (3.32−3.51)	<0.001
Heart failure (HF)	4.61 (4.51−4.71)	<0.001
CHD-HF	4.66 (4.49−4.83)	<0.001
CHD-AF	4.00 (3.79−4.22)	<0.001
HF-CHD	4.61 (4.39−4.84)	<0.001
HF-AF	5.25 (4.91−5.62)	<0.001
AF-CHD	4.05 (3.74−4.39)	<0.001
AF-HF	4.58 (4.35−4.82)	<0.001
CHD-HF-AF	6.42 (5.48−7.51)	<0.001
CHD-AF-HF	5.34 (4.86−5.87)	<0.001
HF-CHD-AF	5.87 (5.06−6.82)	<0.001
AF-CHD-HF	5.24 (4.35−6.32)	<0.001
HF-AF-CHD	5.55 (4.65−6.63)	<0.001
AF-HF-CHD	5.51 (4.69−6.48)	<0.001
Renal diabetic complications	3.54 (3.40−3.68)	<0.001
Peripheral vascular disease	4.25 (3.79−4.78)	<0.001
Neurological diabetic complications	2.95 (2.76−3.16)	<0.001
Ophthalmological diabetic complications	2.62 (2.51−2.73)	<0.001
Ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack	2.74 (2.67−2.82)	<0.001
Intracranial hemorrhage	2.60 (2.49−2.71)	<0.001
Osteoporosis	2.77 (2.25−3.40)	<0.001
Dementia	5.66 (5.43−5.89)	<0.001
Hypertension	2.47 (2.43−2.50)	<0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	4.43 (4.10−4.79)	<0.001
Cancer	2.39 (2.33−2.45)	<0.001