Table 4.
Comorbidity-adjusted mortality risk of antidiabetic and cardiovascular medications.
| Comorbidities | Biguanide | Sulphonylurea | Insulin | ACEIs/ARBs | Beta-Blockers | CCBs | Lipid-Lowering Agents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHD | 0.49 (0.47−0.51) | 1.01 (0.98−1.05) | 2.06 (1.98−2.13) | 1.63 (1.57−1.69) | 1.93 (1.86−2.00) | 1.06 (1.02−1.09) | 2.50 (2.42−2.59) |
| AF | 0.48 (0.45−0.50) | 1.03 (0.97−1.09) | 1.45 (1.36−1.54) | 1.57 (1.49−1.66) | 1.36 (1.29−1.43) | 1.00 (0.95−1.05) | 1.31 (1.24−1.38) |
| HF | 0.37 (0.35−0.38) | 0.89 (0.85−0.93) | 2.31 (2.21−2.41) | 2.19 (2.09−2.30) | 1.49 (1.43−1.56) | 0.95 (0.91−0.99) | 1.93 (1.85−2.01) |
| CHD-HF | 0.30 (0.27−0.32) | 0.95 (0.88−1.03) | 2.47 (2.29−2.67) | 2.70 (2.48−2.94) | 2.21 (2.05−2.38) | 0.78 (0.73−0.84) | 3.89 (3.61−4.19) |
| CHD-AF | 0.38 (0.34−0.42) | 1.02 (0.90−1.15) | 1.46 (1.28−1.66) | 2.30 (2.04−2.60) | 1.81 (1.62−2.01) | 0.86 (0.78−0.96) | 2.62 (2.35−2.91) |
| HF-CHD | 0.39 (0.35−0.43) | 0.75 (0.67−0.83) | 3.84 (3.47−4.24) | 2.65 (2.36−2.99) | 2.24 (2.03−2.48) | 0.84 (0.76−0.92) | 3.81 (3.45−4.22) |
| HF-AF | 0.44 (0.38−0.50) | 0.90 (0.78−1.05) | 2.45 (2.12−2.83) | 2.47 (2.11−2.89) | 1.44 (1.26−1.65) | 0.88 (0.77−1.01) | 1.46 (1.27−1.68) |
| AF-CHD | 0.48 (0.41−0.56) | 0.79 (0.67−0.94) | 3.06 (2.60−3.61) | 2.19 (1.83−2.63) | 1.94 (1.65−2.28) | 1.05 (0.90−1.24) | 2.67 (2.28−3.13) |
| AF-HF | 0.35 (0.32−0.39) | 1.02 (0.91−1.14) | 1.51 (1.34−1.70) | 2.48 (2.20−2.79) | 1.33 (1.21−1.47) | 0.85 (0.77−0.94) | 1.57 (1.41−1.74) |
| CHD-HF-AF | 0.30 (0.22−0.41) | 1.09 (0.76−1.56) | 2.39 (1.70−3.36) | 3.12 (2.11−4.63) | 1.91 (1.39−2.63) | 0.76 (0.55−1.04) | 2.65 (1.94−3.64) |
| CHD-AF-HF | 0.28 (0.23−0.34) | 1.16 (0.93−1.44) | 1.24 (0.98−1.58) | 2.89 (2.29−3.64) | 1.61 (1.33−1.94) | 0.74 (0.61−0.89) | 2.61 (2.16−3.16) |
| HF-CHD-AF | 0.37 (0.27−0.50) | 0.72 (0.52−0.98) | 3.03 (2.23−4.13) | 2.19 (1.56−3.08) | 1.86 (1.37−2.52) | 0.86 (0.64−1.16) | 2.24 (1.66−3.02) |
| AF-CHD-HF | 0.36 (0.25−0.52) | 0.94 (0.64−1.40) | 4.63 (3.24−6.63) | 2.40 (1.58−3.64) | 2.32 (1.60−3.36) | 0.85 (0.60−1.22) | 3.22 (2.24−4.61) |
| HF-AF-CHD | 0.46 (0.31−0.66) | 0.74 (0.50−1.10) | 3.13 (2.13−4.60) | 4.29 (2.56−7.19) | 1.28 (0.88−1.86) | 1.01 (0.69−1.46) | 2.49 (1.71−3.62) |
| AF-HF-CHD | 0.42 (0.30−0.58) | 0.80 (0.56−1.13) | 3.18 (2.27−4.44) | 2.68 (1.82−3.95) | 1.78 (1.28−2.46) | 1.10 (0.79−1.53) | 3.71 (2.66−5.16) |
ACEIs/ARBs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers; CCBs: calcium channel blockers.