Table 1.
Comparison between EXPH at CPET and echocardiographic parameters at rest.
| Parameter | ExPH No | ExPH Yes | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| LVEDD (mm) | 46 (43–52) | 43 (40–46) | 0.123 |
| LVESD (mm) | 29 (25–35) | 24 (20–34) | 0.146 |
| LVEDV (mL) | 104 (82–125) | 91 (76–117) | 0.411 |
| iLVEDV (mL/m2) | 36 (30–43) | 33 (25–39) | 0.232 |
| LVESV (mL) | 40 (28–46) | 35 (21–47) | 0.537 |
| iLVESV (mL/cm2) | 13 (10–16) | 12 (10–15) | 0.411 |
| LVmass (g) | 160 (131–194) | 151 (104–178) | 0.243 |
| iLVmass (g/m2) | 77 (57–93) | 63 (40–86) | 0.208 |
| LAD (mm) | 48 (42–52) | 49 (39–52) | 0.888 |
| LAV (mL) | 35 (22–50) | 32 (22–38) | 0.404 |
| iLAV (mL/m2) | 12 (7–23) | 13 (5–30) | 0.517 |
| LVEF (%) | 65 (59–70) | 61 (60–70) | 0.908 |
| E wave (cm/s) | 70 (56–80) | 77 (61–87) | 0.154 |
| A wave (cm/s) | 70 (57–82) | 79 (63–90) | 0.243 |
| Septal E wave (cm/s) | 10 (7–12) | 10 (5–10) | 0.194 |
| E/A | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 0.990 |
| E/e’ | 6 (5–9) | 8.1 (6.8–11) | 0.039 |
| iRVESA (cm2/m2) | 4.1 (3.2–5.1) | 5.3 (4.5–5.9) | 0.070 |
| iRVEDA (cm2/m2) | 6 (5–8) | 7 (6–9) | 0.425 |
| iRVESV (mL/m2) | 6 (3–8) | 5 (3–7) | 0.877 |
| iRVEDV (mL/m2) | 15 (10–18) | 13 (9–16) | 0.322 |
| RD1 (mm) | 37 (33–40) | 34 (32–42) | 0.441 |
| RD2 (mm) | 32 (28–35) | 28 (24–35) | 0.129 |
| RD3 (mm) | 19 (15–23) | 15 (11–22) | 0.169 |
| RVOT prox (mm) | 32 (28–38) | 34 (30–35) | 0.888 |
| RVOT dist (mm) | 34 (30–39) | 33 (30–37) | 0.537 |
| Eccentricity index | 0.9 (0.9–1) | 0.9 (0.8–1) | 0.501 |
| Right ventricle/left ventricle basal diameter ratio | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.443 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 22 (19–24) | 16.5 (15.5–17) | <0.001 |
| FAC (%) | 51 (46–54) | 43 (39–49) | 0.010 |
| ERV/ARV | 1.4 (0.8–1.7) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.001 |
| ERV/e′ | 3.2 (2.1–5.2) | 2.7 (2.4–4.3) | 0.721 |
| SRV vel | 12 (10–14) | 12 (9–14) | 0.802 |
| SRV VTI | 2.6 (2.1–3.4) | 1.9 (1.7–2.3) | 0.047 |
| sPAP(mmHg) | 21 (19–27) | 35 (30–41) | <0.001 |
| mPAP (mmHg) | 15 (13–18) | 20 (19–25) | 0.004 |
| TR velocity (m/s) | 2 (1.8–2.3) | 2.8 (2.1–3) | 0.006 |
| Right ventricular out flow doppler acceleration (t/s) | 110 (81–130) | 120 (116–147) | 0.108 |
| VCI diameter (mm) | 16 (13–17) | 16 (15–17) | 0.765 |
| Right atrial area (cm2) | 14 (12–16) | 21 (20–25) | <0.001 |
| iRAV (mL/m2) | 5.3 (4.1–6.9) | 8.1 (6.2–11.1) | 0.004 |
| VTI rvot | 15 (13–16) | 13 (12–14) | 0.133 |
| VRT/VTI rvot | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | <0.001 |
| TAPSE/PAPs | 1 (0.8–1.3) | 0.9 (0.4–1.4) | 0.279 |
| Concentric_remodeling | 0.258 | ||
| no | 20 | 5 | |
| yes | 13 | 7 | |
| Normal_geometry | 0.286 | ||
| no | 19 | 9 | |
| yes | 14 | 3 | |
| Concentric_hypertophy | 0.721 | ||
| no | 29 | 11 | |
| yes | 4 | 1 | |
| Eccentric_hypertrophy | 0.787 | ||
| no | 31 | 11 | |
| yes | 2 | 1 | |
| MR | 0.366 | ||
| no | 17 | 8 | |
| yes | 16 | 4 | |
| AO | 0.552 | ||
| no | 28 | 11 | |
| yes | 5 | 1 |
Statistics: median (IQR) or absolute frequency (sd). Abbreviations: LVEDD, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricle end-systolic diameter; LVEDV, left ventricle end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricle end-sistolic volume; iLVEDV, indexed LVEDV; iLVESV, indexed LVESV; LAD, left atrial diameter; LAV, left atrial volume; iLAV, indexed LAV; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; iRVESA, indexed right ventricle end-sistolic area; iRVEDA, indexed right ventricle end-diastolic area; iRVESV, indexed right ventricle end-sistolic volume; iRVEDV, indexed right ventricleend-diastolic volume; RD, right diameter; RVOT, right ventricle outflow; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane excursion; FAC, fractional area change; VTI, velocity time integral; sPAP, sistolic pulmonary arterial pressure; mPAP, mean PAP; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; IVC, inferior vena cava; iRAV, indexed right atrial volume; TRV, tricuspid regurgitation velocity; PVRI, Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index. ExPH, exercise-induced pulmonary. hypertension; CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise test.