Table 1.
Methods | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Electrochemical method | Accurate regulation of kinetics; High removal efficiency |
High operating costs; Large power supply |
Ion exchange method | Non-toxic and renewable; High removal efficiency; Meeting the needs of industrialization |
Ion exchange materials being susceptible to organic contamination in wastewater |
Adsorption method | Easy access to adsorbents, such as activated carbon, zeolite, etc. Adsorbents being regenerative |
Great tendency to cause adsorbent sludge, resulting in secondary pollution |
Chemical precipitation method | Simple operation; Low cost; High removal efficiency |
Easy to cause secondary pollution; Accumulation of a large amount of sludge |