Table 1.
Clinical and metabolic characteristics of the cohort.
| Class of Measurement | Characteristic | Mean/Median (± SD or IQR) |
Min-Max Values |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (M/F) | 62 (27/35) | ||
| Age (years) | 50.5 ± 11.4 | 21–69 | |
| Body mass, fat composition and distribution | BMI (kg.m−2) | 36.3 ± 4.5 | 30.9–48.5 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 111 ± 14 | 85–155 | |
| Body fat (% of total mass) | 48 (40, 52) | 31–61 | |
| Visceral fat (cm3) | 249 (212, 320) | 139–492 | |
| Subcutaneous fat (cm2) | 501 (418, 596) | 265–835 | |
| Liver fat (%) | 10.6 (5.9, 21.3) | 0.7–63.5 | |
| Blood pressure | Systolic (mm Hg) | 125 ± 13 | 100–169 |
| Diastolic (mm Hg) | 82 ± 9 | 59–106 | |
| Serum lipids | Total cholesterol (mmol.L−1) | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 3.1–7.1 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol.L−1) | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 1.5–5.0 | |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol.L−1) | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.8–2.0 | |
| Triglycerides (mmol.L−1) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.4–2.5 | |
| NEFA (mmol.L−1) | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.1–0.7 | |
| Glucose regulation | HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 36 ± 3 | 29–43 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 4.8–6.1 | |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol.L−1) | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 3.5–6.0 | |
| 2-hour blood glucose (mmol.L−1) | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 2.7–10.1 | |
| Individuals with IFG (n) | 1 | ||
| Individuals with IGT (n) | 12 | ||
| Individuals with IFG and IGT (n) | 2 | ||
| Individuals with HbA1c ≥ 5.7% | 21 | ||
| Fasting insulin (mU.L−1) | 16.5 (11.3, 27.4) | 5.9–73.4 | |
| HOMA-IR | 3.4 (2.2, 6.2) | 1.2–19.6 | |
| EGP (mg.kg−1.min−1) | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 1.4–2.8 | |
| EGP suppression (%) | 65 ± 14 | 30–93 | |
| GIR/FFM (M-value, µmol.min−1.kg−1) | 90 ± 30 | 24–186 | |
| NEFA suppression (%) | 32 ± 13 | 10–62 | |
| Serum insulin during the clamp (mU.L−1) | Low dose clamp | 42 ± 13 | 19–86 |
| High dose clamp | 212 ± 44 | 131–296 | |
| Medication use | Individuals treated with anti-hypertensive medications (n (%)) | 13 (21) | |
| Individuals treated with lipid reducing agents (n (%)) | 8 (13) |
Table footnotes: Values are mean ± SD or median (25th, 75th percentile) and minimal to maximal. Complete data were available for all variables other than the abdominal MRI data (n = 59; variables affected: visceral fat, subcutaneous fat and liver fat). Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) 5.6–6.9 mmol/L; impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) 2-h plasma glucose during OGTT (75-g glucose) 7.8–11.0 mmol/L.