| BGCs | Biosynthetic gene clusters |
| NGS | Next-generation sequencing |
| BSA | Bulked-segregant analysis |
| WGCNA | Weighted gene co-expression network analysis |
| mGWAS | Metabolite-based, genome-wide association study |
| mQTL | Metabolic quantitative trait loci |
| HiSeq | High-throughput sequencing |
| WGD | Whole-genome duplication |
| BIAs | Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids |
| SNPs | Single-nucleotide polymorphisms |
| InDels | Insertions and deletions |
| SVs | Structure variations |
| NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance |