Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with anti-MOG positive optic neuritis and anti-MOG encephalitis secondary to COVID-19 infection.
| Author (Year) | Age (Years)/Ethnicity/Sex (Male/Female) | Method of COVID-19 Diagnosis | COVID-19 Symptoms | Hospitalization (Yes/No) | Time of Onset of Neurological Manifestations from COVID-19 Diagnosis | Neurological Manifestations | MOG-Antibody Method of Detection | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| de Ruijter et al. (2020) | 15/Caucasian/Male | not confirmed | fever, nausea and cough | NM | Few weeks | Subacute vision loss with photopsias and frontal continuous headache |
NM | IVMP 1 g/day for three days | Symptoms resolved |
| Zhou et al. (2020) | 26/Hispanic/Male | nasal and oropharyngeal swabs (RT-PCR) |
dry cough | Yes | Few days | Bilateral, subacute, sequential vision loss first affecting the left eye, then the right eye 3 days later | MOG-IgG cell-based assays | IVMP 1 g/day for five days | Visual acuity improved rapidly |
| Sawalha et al. (2020) | 44/Hispanic/Male | nasopharyngeal swabs (RNA PCR) and serum (IgG abs) | shortness of breath and cough | No | Two weeks | Right eye pain that had progressed to his left eye along with bilateral blurring of vision leading to a complete vision loss | NM | IVMP 1 g/day for five days | Complete restoration of vision in the left eye with remarkable but not complete vision recovery in the right eye |
| Zoric et al. (2021) | 63/NM/Male | serology was positive for IgM and IgG antibodies against the virus | fatigue, shortness of breath, dry cough and fever | Yes | Four weeks | Right eye blurred vision | Indirect immunofluorescence (MOG antibodies) | IVMP 1 g/day for five days with prednisone tapering therapy for two weeks |
Visual acuity was improved, and disk edema was resolved entirely |
| Khan et al. (2021) | 11/NM/Male | nasopharyngeal swab was positive by CBNAAT | redness and ophthalmodynia in both eyes four days after a brief febrile illness |
Yes | Two weeks | Loss of vision in the right eye | NM | Pulse methylprednisolone with oral steroids continued and tapered over 12 weeks | Visual acuity was improved |
| Kogure et al. (2021) | 47/Japanese/Male | nasal and oropharyngeal swabs (PCR) |
asymptomatic | Yes | N/A | Left eye pain and an upper-visual-field defect | MOG-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) testing in blood | IVMP 1 g/day for a total of 3 days, followed by an oral prednisolone tape | Visual acuity subsequently improved |
| Peters et al. (2021) | 23/NM/Male | nasopharyngeal PCR testing | asymptomatic | Yes | N/A | Progressive headache associated with dysesthesias fatigue, inattention, cognitive slowing, fevers, generalized seizures | MOG-IgG via FACS | IVMP 1 g/day for five days | Cognitive improvement |
| Durovic et al. (2021) | 22/NM/Male | PCR testing | severe headache, fever, neck stiffness, general weakness, and a loss of smell and taste | Ten days | Headache, neck rigidity | Serum MOG-IgG (live-cell assay) * | IVMP 1 g/day for five days | Symptoms resolved |
* Serum studies also revealed a low metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) antibody titer (fixed cell assay, 1:40); CBNAAT, Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; IVMP, intravenous methylprednisolone; NM, not mentioned; N/A, not applicable; FACS, Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting.