FIGURE 4.

Comparison of Black and White patients. Violin plots show multinucleation index measurements for Black and White human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. (A) All patients in D_VA, AJCC 8^th edition (B) stage I alone, (C) stage II alone, and (D) stage III alone. (E) The histogram of the p values obtained after applying Mann–Whitney U testing 200 times illustrates the statistical differences between randomly selected subsets of D_W and the entire D_B. The box plots inside the violin plots demonstrate the median, first, and third quartiles of distributions.