Figure 4.

Effect of different concentrations of OA-02, OA-06 and OA-09 compounds on 3rd–5th instar H. armigera larval (A–C) and pupal weights (D). The data were subjected to a 2-way ANOVA (statistics for the effects of compound type for 3rd–5th instar larval weight and pupal weight: F_{2, 24} = 4.301; p = 0.025, F_{2, 24} 15.552; p < 0.001, F_{2, 24} = 20.407; p < 0.001 and F_{2, 24} = 0.156; p = 0.856, respectively while the statistics for the effect of their concentrations: F_{2, 24} = 1.003; p = 0.408, F_{2, 24} = 0.904; p = 0.454, F_{2, 24} = 1.083; p = 0.375 and F_{2, 24} = 5.640; p = 0.005, respectively). The bars represent mean ± SEM and the superscript uppercase and lowercase letters atop each bar represent the post-hoc pairwise comparisons between different compounds and concentrations, respectively. The bars with different letters are significantly different from each other (p < 0.05).