Table 1.
Patient characteristics. Abbreviations: IHD, Ischemic Heart Disease; CKD, Chronic Kidney Failure; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; RR, respiratory rate; MBP, mean blood pressure; HR, heart rate; BT, body temperature; WBCs, white blood cell; CPR, C-Protein Reactive; PCT, Procalcitonin; HSTn, High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide.
| All (153) | COVID+ (101) | COVID− (52) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEMOGRAPHICS | ||||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 70 ± 17 | 68 ± 17 | 72 ± 17 | 0.2 |
| Female n. (%) | 69 (45.1%) | 46 (45.5%) | 23 (44.2%) | 0.88 |
| COEXISTHING CONDITIONS n. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 69 (45.1%) | 46 (44.5%) | 23 (44.2%) | 0.88 |
| Diabetes | 24 (15.7%) | 14 (13.9) | 10 (19.2%) | 0.38 |
| IHD | 11 (7.2%) | 7 (6.9%) | 4 (7.7%) | 0.86 |
| CKD | 6 (3.9%) | 3 (3.0%) | 3 (5.7%) | 0.39 |
| COPD | 19 (12.4%) | 9 (8.9%) | 10 (19.2%) | 0.07 |
| SYMPTOMS OF PRESENTATION IN ED n. (%) | ||||
| Dyspnea | 90 (60.1%) | 61 (60.4%) | 31 (59.6%) | 0.92 |
| Cough | 36 (23.5%) | 26 (25.4%) | 10 (19.2%) | 0.36 |
| Fever | 72 (47.1%) | 58 (57.4%) | 14 (26.9%) | 0.001 |
| Other | 51 (33.3%) | 38 (37.6%) | 13 (25.5%) | 0.11 |
| More than one | 73 (47.7%) | 58 (57.4%) | 15 (28.8%) | 0.0008 |
| DEATH n. (%) | 15 (9.8%) | 12 (11.9%) | 3 (5.8%) | 0.22 |
| COMPLICATIONS n. (%) | ||||
| Major complications | 23 (14.6%) | 20 (19,6%) | 3 (5.8%) | 0.053 |
| AKI | 4 (2.6%) | 3 (2.97%) | 1 (1.92%) | 0.70 |
| Light complications | 19 (12.4%) | 16 (15.8%) | 3 (5.8%) | 0.15 |
| DESTINATION n. (%) | ||||
| Low intensive care unit | 77 (50.3%) | 63 (62.4%) | 14 (26.9%) | 0.00003 |
| Sub-intensive therapy | 73 (47.7%) | 36 (35.6%) | 37 (71.2%) | 0.00003 |
| Intensive care unit | 3 (2.0%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0.98 |
| HOME THERAPY n. (%) | ||||
| Oral anticoagulants | 17 (11.1%) | 12 (11.9%) | 5 (9.4%) | 0.70 |
| Antiplatelets | 30 (19.6%) | 17 (16.8%) | 13 (25%) | 0.22 |
| Antihypertensive | 59 (38.6%) | 42 (41.6%) | 17 (32.7%) | 0.28 |
| Cortisone | 9 (5.9%) | 5 (5%) | 4 (7.7%) | 0.49 |
| Oral hypoglycemic | 17 (11.1%) | 12 (11.9%) | 5 (9.6%) | 0.70 |
| Insulin | 8 (5.2%) | 6 (5.9%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.58 |
| Anti-arrhythmic | 21 (13.7%) | 17 (16.8%) | 4 (7.7%) | 0.12 |
| Chemotherapy | 2 (1.3%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.63 |
| Diuretics | 29 (19%) | 19 (18.8%) | 10 (19.2%) | <0.05 |
| SOFA | 4 ± 3 | 3 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | <0.001 |
| RR (b.p.r) | 20 ± 5 | 20 ± 5 | 21 ± 6 | 0.31 |
| SpO2 (%) | 94 ± 6 | 94 ± 5 | 94 ± 7 | 0.18 |
| MBP (mmHg) | 95 ± 15 | 95 ± 13 | 95 ± 19 | 0.9 |
| HR (b.p.m) | 87 ± 18 | 87 ± 20 | 86 ± 14 | 0.74 |
| BT (°C) | 36.7 ± 0.9 | 36.9 ± 1.0 | 36.3 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| P/F (mmHg/%) | 360 ± 156 | 359 ± 168 | 363 ± 134 | 0.9 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 13 ± 2 | 13 ± 2 | 12 ± 3 | <0.01 |
| pH | 7.44 ± 0.06 | 7.44 ± 0.06 | 7.42 ± 0.05 | <0.01 |
| Lac (mmol/L) | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 1.8 | 0.08 |
| WBCs (×103/uL) | 8 ± 5 | 6 ± 3 | 12 ± 7 | <0.001 |
| Neutrophils (%) | 76 ± 14 | 78 ± 13 | 67 ± 22 | <0.05 |
| Plt (×103/uL) | 215 ± 104 | 193 ± 90 | 259 ± 117 | <0.001 |
| CRP (ng/mL) | 7 ± 7 | 7 ± 7 | 7 ± 8 | 0.9 |
| PCT (ug/mL) | 1 ± 5 | 1 ± 6 | 1 ± 5 | 0.9 |
| Creat (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.05 |
| Bilirubin Tot. (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 1.6 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 2.6 | 0.14 |
| INR | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 0.14 |
| LDH (U/L) | 356 ± 219 | 357 ± 177 | 354 ± 288 | 0.95 |
| K (mmol/L) | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 0.05 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 137 ± 4 | 137 ± 4 | 138 ± 6 | 0.22 |
| HSTn (ng/L) | 316 ± 1866 | 257 ± 661 | 426 ± 2213 | 0.21 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 313 ± 657 | 233 ± 612 | 481 ± 724 | 0.05 |