Table 1.

Case reports describing concurrent hepatocellular carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinomas

	Age	Symptoms	Virus	AFP	Diagnosis2	Type	Therapy	Time1 (Mon)	Status	Ref.
1	43	Abdominal swelling	HBV	NA	Autopsy2	Combined	Adriamycin, 5-FU	26	Death	Barsky et al[8]
2	69	Abdominal pain	HBV	NA	FNA2	Combined	NA	NA	NA	Artopoulos et al[10]
3	63	Abdominal pain, jaundice	NA	NA	Resection	Combined	NA	1	Death(bleeding spesis)	Vora et al[11]
4	72	NA	HCV	13.6	Resection, LND	Collision	NA	NA	NA	Ishida et al[2]
5	71	NA	HCV	20.7, 479.1	Resection	Combined (intermingled)	NA	5	NA	Yamaguchi et al[6]
6	50	NA	HCV	1191	Core biopsy, then Resection	Collision	TACE, cisplatin, doxorubicin, thalidomide and Avastin	16	alive	Garcia et al[1]
7	65	Epigastric pain	HBV	Normal	Resection, LND	Combined	NA	12	Death	Yang et al[7]
8	68	NA	HBV	1191	Resection	Collision	Cisplatin, etoposide	28	Alive	Tazi et al[4]
9	76	Echo-detected	HCV	281.4, 14.9, 2632 (after TACE)	TACE, resection	Combined NE with sarcomatous change	TACE, epirubicin lipiodol	17	Death	Nakanishi et al[5]
10	51	Abdominal pain	HCV	NA	Biopsy	Combined	NA	1	Death	Hammedi et al[12]
11	56	Abdominal distension	NA	70	Resection	Combined	NA	6	Alive	Aboelenen et al[13]
12	72	No symptoms	HCV	24.8	Resection	Collision	Cisplatin, etoposide	2	Death	Nishino et al[14]
13	72	No symptoms	HCV	3.8	Resection	Collision	Cisplatin, etoposide	10	Alive	Choi et al[15]
14	76	NA	NA	49.2	Resection	Collision	Cisplatin	NA	Alive	Baker et al[9]
15	71	NA	HCV	4791	Resection	Combined	NA	8.6	Death	Nomura et al[16]
16	71	NA	HCV	10.3	Resection	Collision	NA	2.6	Death	Nomura et al[16]
17	58	NA	HBV	176.4	RFA, Resection	Combined	NA	19.7	Alive	Nomura et al[16]
18	50	NA	HBV	473.7	Resection	Combined	NA	19.5	Alive	Nomura et al[16]
19	63	NA	HCV	2276	Resection	Combined	NA	24	Alive	Nomura et al[16]
20	65	Abdominal discomfort	HCV	400.06	Resection	Collision	NA	1.3	Death	Liu et al[17]
21	70	Solid mass	HCV	3.7	TAE and TPE, Resection	Collision and combined	NA	3	Death	Okumura et al[18]
22	56	Incidental	NA	2.8	Liver transplantation (Resection specimen)	Collision	NA	10	Alive	Yılmaz et al[3]
23	79	Abnormal liver function	NA	3231.8	Resection	Combined	NA	4	Death	Ikeda et al[19]
24	84	Higher AFP values	NA	399	Laparoscopic resection	Combined	NA	9	Alive	Nakano et al[20]
25	48	Incidental	HBV	29.91	RFA, TACE, RFA, Resection	Collision	Chemotherapy	40	Death (sepsis)	Our study

¹Time in months (since diagnosis).

²Diagnosis: All are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) coexisting with neuroendocrine tumors except the two (²): HCC with carcinoid. NA: None, or not included or not available; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein (ng/mL); FNA: Fine needle aspiration; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; TAE: Transarterial embolization; TPE: transportal vein embolization.