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Molecular mechanisms and intracellular modifications underlying arrhythmias.
| Molecular Mechanisms and Intracellular Modifications Underlying Arrhythmias | Studies |
|---|---|
| - Accumulation of amyloid, lipid, and lipofuscin, which leads to bradyarrhythmia | [69,70,74,82,83] |
| - Replacement of pacemaker cells with collagen and elastin fibers | [84] |
| - Delay of action potential duration and repolarization | [74,104,105] |
| - Impairment of Ca2+ homeostasis | [78,118,119,120,121,122,123] |
