Table 4.

Molecular mechanisms and intracellular modifications underlying cardiomyopathies.

Molecular Mechanisms and Intracellular Modifications Underlying Cardiomyopathies	Studies
- Dysfunction in the physiological protein quality control system, which includes heat shock proteins, the autophagy/lysosomal pathway, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (HCM)	[128]
- WNT pathway, due to its correlation with cardiac dilatation and myocardial fibrosis (ACM)	[69,140]
- Telomere shortening (HCM and DCM)	[142]