Table 1.
Proteins identified from N. nivea venom fractions profiled by C18 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and nano-ESI-LCMS/MS.
| Protein Name | Database Accession a | Species | MS Search Score b | R.A. (%) c |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fraction 1 | ||||
| Short neurotoxin 2 | P01422 | Naja annulifera | 38.46 | 1.58 |
| Fraction 2 | ||||
| Short neurotoxin 4 | P01421 | Naja annulifera | 123.04 | 1.88 |
| Long neurotoxin 1 | P01390 | Naja nivea | 89.87 | 0.09 |
| Weak toxin S4C11 | P01400 | Naja melanoleuca | 46.32 | 0.04 |
| Fraction 3 | ||||
| Long neurotoxin 1 | P01390 | Naja nivea | 97.38 | 2.85 |
| Short neurotoxin 4 | P01421 | Naja annulifera | 53.91 | 0.07 |
| Weak toxin CM-11 | P01401 | Naja haje haje | 44.62 | 0.17 |
| Fraction 4 | ||||
| Long neurotoxin 1 | P01390 | Naja nivea | 114.03 | 0.02 |
| Weak toxin CM-13b | P01399 | Naja annulifera | 97.34 | 0.42 |
| Short neurotoxin 4 | P01421 | Naja annulifera | 34.64 | 0.08 |
| Fraction 5 | ||||
| Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor 2 | P00986 | Naja nivea | 141.56 | 1.16 |
| Long neurotoxin 1 | P01390 | Naja nivea | 114.03 | 0.34 |
| Weak toxin CM-10 | P25680 | Naja nivea | 57.78 | 0.91 |
| Fraction 6 | ||||
| Long neurotoxin 1 | P01390 | Naja nivea | 102.63 | 0.32 |
| Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor 2 | P00986 | Naja nivea | 82.24 | 0.07 |
| Weak toxin CM-13b | P01399 | Naja annulifera | 34.6 | 0.04 |
| Fraction 7 | ||||
| Cytotoxin 1 | P01456 | Naja nivea | 210.7 | 25.63 |
| Cytotoxin 2 | P01462 | Naja annulifera | 65.61 | 0.74 |
| Long neurotoxin 1 | P01390 | Naja nivea | 58.24 | 0.16 |
| Fraction 8 | ||||
| Cytotoxin 1 | P01456 | Naja nivea | 102.98 | 0.67 |
| Cytotoxin 8 | P01460 | Naja annulifera | 74.54 | 1.35 |
| Cytotoxin 2 | P01463 | Naja nivea | 68.3 | 0.26 |
| Cytotoxin 3 | P01458 | Naja nivea | 51.41 | 0.40 |
| Fraction 9 | ||||
| Cytotoxin 2 | P01462 | Naja annulifera | 131.23 | 4.41 |
| Cytotoxin 7 | P01466 | Naja annulifera | 116.39 | 5.03 |
| Cytotoxin 8 | P01460 | Naja annulifera | 99.86 | 6.97 |
| Cytotoxin 10 | P01453 | Naja annulifera | 88.36 | 2.10 |
| Cytotoxin 3 | P01458 | Naja nivea | 66.72 | 0.25 |
| Cytotoxin 1 | P01456 | Naja nivea | 61.69 | 3.04 |
| Venom nerve growth factor 2 | Q5YF89 | Naja sputatrix | 34.62 | 0.09 |
| Fraction 10 | ||||
| Cytotoxin 2 | P01463 | Naja nivea | 161.32 | 1.91 |
| Cytotoxin 3 | P01458 | Naja nivea | 164.72 | 9.68 |
| Cytotoxin 7 | P01466 | Naja annulifera | 97.35 | 2.92 |
| Cytotoxin 10 | P01453 | Naja annulifera | 64.96 | 2.41 |
| Cytotoxin 8 | P01460 | Naja annulifera | 52.47 | 4.93 |
| Venom nerve growth factor 2 | CL429.Contig1_NnSL | Naja naja | 42.38 | 1.12 |
| Fraction 11 | ||||
| Cytotoxin homolog | P14541 | Naja kaouthia | 98.04 | 1.78 |
| Cytotoxin 2 | P01463 | Naja nivea | 72.38 | 0.43 |
| Cytotoxin 1 | P01456 | Naja nivea | 42.36 | 0.07 |
| Cytotoxin 3 | P01459 | Naja annulifera | 40.31 | 0.21 |
| Cytotoxin 1 | P01468 | Naja pallida | 34.49 | 0.16 |
| Venom nerve growth factor 2 | Q5YF89 | Naja sputatrix | 32.84 | 0.01 |
| Fraction 12 | ||||
| Thaicobrin | P82885 | Naja kaouthia | 89.06 | 0.04 |
| Cytotoxin 3 | P01458 | Naja nivea | 87.75 | 0.03 |
| Cytotoxin 2 | P01463 | Naja nivea | 77.44 | 0.05 |
| Cytotoxin 1 | P01456 | Naja nivea | 74.18 | 0.02 |
| Cytotoxin 1 | P01468 | Naja pallida | 61.79 | 0.03 |
| Cytotoxin 8 | P01460 | Naja annulifera | 61.72 | 0.12 |
| Cytotoxin 10 | P01453 | Naja annulifera | 58.41 | 0.02 |
| Venom nerve growth factor 2 | Q5YF89 | Naja sputatrix | 81.11 | <0.01 |
| Cytotoxin homolog | P14541 | Naja kaouthia | 61.23 | 0.01 |
| Cytotoxin 11 | P62394 | Naja haje haje | 44.22 | 0.01 |
| Fraction 13 | ||||
| Cysteine-rich venom protein natrin-2 | Q7ZZN8 | Naja atra | 88.14 | 0.44 |
| Cysteine-rich venom protein latisemin | Q8JI38 | Laticauda semifasciata | 41.66 | 0.16 |
| Venom nerve growth factor 2 | Q5YF89 | Naja sputatrix | 72.47 | 0.01 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin atragin | CL626.Contig4_NsM | Naja sumatrana | 35.12 | 0.08 |
| Fraction 14 | ||||
| Natrin-1 | CL85.Contig1_NnSL | Naja naja | 139.79 | 1.41 |
| Cysteine-rich venom protein natrin-1 | Q7T1K6 | Naja atra | 134.04 | 1.41 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin cobrin | CL2966.Contig3_NnSL | Naja naja | 67.86 | 0.85 |
| Scutellatease-1 | CL2215.Contig1_HsM | Enhydrina schistosa | 38.33 | 0.31 |
| Cysteine-rich secretory protein Pg-CRP | F2Q6F6 | Cerrophidion godmani | 34.78 | 0.04 |
| SVMP-Aca-4 | R4G2D3 | Acanthophis wellsi | 29.96 | 0.03 |
| Fraction 15 | ||||
| Natrin-1 | CL85.Contig1_NnSL | Naja naja | 72.73 | 0.10 |
| Microlepidotease-1 | B5KFV6 | Oxyuranus microlepidotus | 52.23 | 0.15 |
| Metalloproteinase (Type III) 1 | U3EPC7 | Micrurus fulvius | 41.16 | 0.15 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like atragin | CL444.Contig1_NsM | Naja sumatrana | 53.63 | 0.03 |
| Hemorrhagic metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like kaouthiagin | P82942 | Naja kaouthia | 49.13 | 0.21 |
| SVMP-Aca-4 | R4G2D3 | Acanthophis wellsi | 44.77 | 0.01 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like atrase-A | D5LMJ3 | Naja atra | 48.07 | 1.49 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin cobrin | CL2966.Contig3_NnSL | Naja naja | 47.8 | 1.52 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin cobrin | CL7366.Contig1_OhM | Ophiophagus hannah | 30.86 | 0.03 |
| Fraction 16 | ||||
| Phosphodiesterase 1 | Unigene5869_NsM | Naja sumatrana | 167.77 | 0.15 |
| Phosphodiesterase | A0A194ARD7 | Micrurus tener | 129.25 | 0.30 |
| Phosphodiesterase 1 | CL4383.Contig2_OhM | Ophiophagus hannah | 89.99 | 0.54 |
| Snake venom 5′-nucleotidase | CL3600.Contig1_NsM2 | Naja sumatrana | 119.17 | 0.38 |
| Snake venom 5′-nucleotidase | CL4180.Contig1_OhM | Ophiophagus hannah | 108.51 | 0.36 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like atragin | CL444.Contig1_NsM | Naja sumatrana | 78.8 | 0.62 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like atragin | D3TTC2 | Naja atra | 45.45 | 0.21 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin atragin | CL2051.Contig1_NkM | Naja kaouthia | 29.61 | 0.33 |
| Fraction 17 | ||||
| Cobra venom factor | Unigene370_NsM2 | Naja sumatrana | 268.75 | 0.03 |
| Cobra venom factor | CL4560.Contig1_NsM | Naja sumatrana | 267 | 0.04 |
| Cobra venom factor | Q91132 | Naja kaouthia | 136.91 | 0.13 |
| L-amino-acid oxidase | CL4047.Contig1_NsM2 | Naja sumatrana | 202.09 | 0.07 |
| L-amino-acid oxidase | A8QL58 | Naja atra | 187.13 | 0.06 |
| L-amino acid oxidase | A8QL51 | Bungarus multicinctus | 67.97 | 0.15 |
| L-amino-acid oxidase | CL2322.Contig1_HhSL | Hypnale hypnale | 36.77 | 0.20 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | CL4231.Contig1_NsM | Naja sumatrana | 114.16 | 0.05 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Unigene16279_OhM | Ophiophagus hannah | 85.55 | 0.05 |
| Snake venom 5′-nucleotidase | CL3600.Contig1_NsM2 | Naja sumatrana | 77.5 | 0.01 |
| Snake venom metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like mocarhagin | Q10749 | Naja mossambica | 65.43 | 0.24 |
| SVMP-Hop-45 | R4G2Y9 | Hoplocephalus bungaroides | 36.28 | 0.38 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin cobrin | CL115.Contig9_NkT | Naja kaouthia | 30.06 | 0.01 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin atragin | CL626.Contig4_NsM2 | Naja sumatrana | 54.02 | 0.02 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase mocarhagin | Unigene25077_NnSL | Naja naja | 32.68 | 0.04 |
| Zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrin-like VLAIP-A | Q4VM08 | Macrovipera lebetina | 30.22 | 0.11 |
| Phosphodiesterase 1 | unigene5869_NsM | Naja sumatrana | 27.96 | <0.01 |
a Protein codes with the prefixes “CL” and “Unigene” were derived from the in-house transcriptome database. b MS search score refers to the protein score based on peptides matched to databases during the protein identification process by LCMS/MS. A score of ≥20 was set as a filter for protein identification in this study. c Protein relative abundance was determined as the percentage of total venom proteins.