Table 2.

Overview of functions encoded by EBV latent genes.

EBV Latent Gene Product	Function
EBNA1	Required for viral genome latent replication and segregation Promotes resistance to apoptosis by degradation of p53 Increases ROS production and genomic instability
EBNA2	Essential for B cell immortalization Regulates viral and host gene expression by interacting with host transcription factors and EBNALP Regulates chromatin looping and accessibility
EBNA3A/C	Recruits polycomb repressor complex 2 for epigenetic repression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) and apoptotic factors Induces AID expression (EBNA 3C) Promotes bypasses cell cycle checkpoints that increase proliferation and genomic instability
EBNA3B	Tumor suppressor activity
EBNALP	Transcriptional co-activator of EBNA2
LMP1	Mimics CD40 receptor signaling Activates NF-kB/MAPK/JAK-STAT/PI3K signaling Induces DNA methyltransferase activity Promotes proliferation and survival Induces AID expression Immune modulation
LMP2A/B	Mimics host B cell receptor (BCR) signaling Blocks tyrosine kinase signaling following antigen activation of BCR Inhibits viral reactivation Induces DNA methyltransferase activity Enhances cell migration Inhibits epithelial differentiation
EBER1	Abundantly expressed viral RNA in EBV latency Confers resistance to apoptosis Retains cellular ribosomal factor L22 in the nucleoplasm Blocks interferon inducible protein kinase R (PKR)-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis
EBER2	Binds and recruits Pax5 to EBV terminal repeats
BART microRNAs	Increases resistance to apoptosis