IF enhances the vasculogenesis ability of ECs through upregulation of MMP-2. (a) MVNs formed statically with HUVEC monoculture in the 3-channel device. Scale bar is 1 mm. (b) MVNs formed with HUVEC monoculture in single channel device under IF induced by 10 mm H2O pressure difference. Scale bar is 1 mm. (c) MVNs formed with HUVEC monoculture under IF induced by 10 mm H2O pressure difference, with various inhibitors added from day 0, including 100 μM PAI-1, 200 U/ml aprotinin, 50 μM marimast, 50 μM NSC 405020, 100 μg/ml MMP-1 neutralizing antibody or 100 μg/ml isotype control antibody. Scale bar is 1mm. (d) Fold change between HUVEC monoculture grown under IF static conditions for various genes of interest. Cross means not detected. Samples were pooled at day 2. n=3, with mean value displayed in the panel. (e) MVNs formed with HUVEC monoculture under IF, subjected to various concentrations of MMP-2 inhibitor ARP-100. Scale bar is 1 mm.