Table 3.
Studies characteristics.
| Study Description | SIBO Prevalence | Comorbidities | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Overall Study Characteristics (First Author, Year, Country) | SIBO (n) | N | Method of SIBO Diagnosis | Comorbidities (%) | Type of Comorbidities |
| 1 | De Oliveira J.M. et al., 2020, Brazil [26] | 17 | 36 | Lactulose Hydrogen–Methane Breath Test | 58.3-obesity; 25-high glucose; 69.4 -high TG; 41.7-SAH | obesity, high glucose, high TG, SAH, MS |
| 2 | Ferolla S.M. et al., 2016, Brazil [39] | 2 | 50 | Glucose Hydrogen Breath Test | 98 | obesity, T2D, metabolic syndrome, SAH |
| 3 | Fitriakusumah, Y et al., 2019, Indonesia [27] | 36 | 115 | Glucose Hydrogen Breath Test | 94.8 | T2D, dyslipidemia, obesity- BMI > 25 (Asia Pacific criteria), MS, central obesity- WHO criteria for Asian population |
| 4 | Ghetti, F.D.F et al., 2019, Brazil [40] | 11 | 40 | Lactulose Hydrogen–Methane Breath Test | 42.5-SAH; 20-T2D | T2D; SAH; |
| 5 | Ghoshal, U.C. et al., 2017, India [32] | 5 | 35 | Quantitative Jejunal Aspirate Culture; Glucose Hydrogen Breath Test | 65.7 | obesity (a), T2D |
| 6 | Guimares V.M. et al., 2020, Brazil [41] | 11 | 42 | Lactulose Hydrogen Breath Test | 73.4-MS; 52.3-T2D | MS, T2D |
| 7 | Jun D. et al., 2009, Korea [31] | 32 | 53 | Lactulose Hydrogen–Methane Breath Test | ND | ND |
| 8 | Kapil S. et al., 2016, India [33] | 12 | 32 | Quantitative Duodenal Aspirate Culture | 75 | insulin resistance, overweight, obesity, central obesity, MS |
| 9 | Lira M.M.P. et al., 2020, Brazil [28] | 4 | 48 | Glucose Hydrogen Breath Test | ND | T2D, dyslipidemia, hypertension |
| 10 | Miele L. et al., 2009, Italy [34] | 21 | 35 | Glucose Hydrogen Breath Test | ND | MS |
| 11 | Mikolasevic I. et al., 2021, Croatia [29] | 51 | 117 | Quantitative Duodenal Aspirate Culture | 44.4-T2D; 75.2-SAH; 75.3-dyslipidemia; 73.5-MS | T2D, SAH, dyslipidemia, MS |
| 12 | Rafiei R. et al., 2018, Iran [30] | 38 | 98 | Glucose Hydrogen Breath Test | 51 | MS |
| 13 | Sabaté J.M. et al., 2008, France [35] | 24 | 140 | Glucose Hydrogen Breath Test | 100 | morbid obesity, sleep apnoea, T2D, cardiovascular disease, SAH, dyslipidaemia, MS |
| 14 | Sajjad A. et al., 2005, United Kingdom [42] | 6 | 12 | Glucose Hydrogen Breath Test | 42 | T2D |
| 15 | Shanab A.A. et al., 2010, Ireland [36] | 14 | 18 | Lactulose Hydrogen Breath Test | ND | T2D, gall stones, depression, fatigue |
| 16 | Shi H. et al., 2021, China [37] | 60 | 103 | Lactulose Hydrogen Breath Test | ND | ND |
| 17 | Wigg A.J. et al., 2001, Australia [38] | 11 | 22 | 14C-D-Xylose and Lactulose Breath Tests | 40.9 (b) | T2D, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia |
| 18 | Yilmaz Y. et al., 2014, Turkey [25] | 64 | 235 | Lactose Hydrogen Breath Test | 71.4 (b) | T2D, MS |
(a) >25 kg/m2, which has been defined as obesity in India; (b) one person may have had several diseases. N = the number of all patients in the whole study, i.e., the group (with liver disease) in which the prevalence of SIBO was studied, i.e., the sum of SIBO patients and without SIBO; n—number of SIBO patients in a given group with the number N; ND—no data; SAH—systolic arterial hypertension; T2D—type 2 diabetes; MS—metabolic syndrome; TG—triglycerides.