TABLE 1.
Demographic information
| Demographic characteristics | HC n = 167 | SMC n = 34 | MCI n = 118 | AD n = 18 | F‐value/X2 | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 74.85 ± 7.83 | 74.72 ± 4.85 | 75.35 ± 8.02 | 76.74 ± 8.55 | 0.40 | .752 |
| Gender (female) | 95/167 | 23/34 | 51/118 | 6/18 | 11.09 | .011bcd |
| Education | 16.62 ± 2.47 | 16.47 ± 2.44 | 16.32 ± 2.79 | 15.28 ± 2.54 | 1.57 | .196 |
| Cognition | ||||||
| CDR global | 0.04 ± 0.13 | 0.09 ± 0.19 | 0.51 ± 0.39 | 0.89 ± 0.37 | 110.39 | <.001bcde |
| CDR sum | 0.14 ± 0.49 | 0.26 ± 0.59 | 2.07 ± 2.42 | 4.78 ± 1.93 | 74.17 | <.001bcde |
| MMSE | 28.92 ± 1.35 | 29.15 ± 1.05 | 27.03 ± 3.42 | 22.44 ± 2.43 | 51.64 | <.001bcde |
| ADNI_MEM | 0.93 ± 0.61 | 1.08 ± 0.73 | 0.26 ± 0.85 | −0.88 ± 0.39 | 51.02 | <.001bcde |
| ADNI_EF | 0.96 ± 0.81 | 1.11 ± 0.82 | 0.26 ± 1.02 | −0.91 ± 0.91 | 33.24 | <.001bcde |
| ADNI_LAN | 0.83 ± 0.76 | 1.00 ± 0.73 | 0.15 ± 1.01 | −0.70 ± 0.63 | 30.15 | <.001bcde |
| ADNI_VS | 0.23 ± 0.63 | 0.03 ± 0.71 | −0.10 ± 0.87 | −0.70 ± 1.28 | 10.13 | <.001bce |
| NPI score | ||||||
| Total score | 1.38 ± 3.28 | 3.62 ± 8.78 | 5.44 ± 9.37 | 10.72 ± 13.41 | 13.407 | <.001bce |
| Hyperactivity | 0.31 ± 1.09 | 1.24 ± 4.21 | 1.86 ± 3.92 | 4.17 ± 6.63 | 11.361 | <.001bce |
| Psychosis | 0.47 ± 1.46 | 0.71 ± 1.64 | 1.20 ± 2.29 | 1.56 ± 3.58 | 4.133 | .007bce |
| Affective symptoms | 0.37 ± 1.12 | 1.38 ± 3.22 | 1.04 ± 2.22 | 1.44 ± 2.23 | 5.223 | .002abc |
| Apathy | 0.23 ± 1.43 | 0.29 ± 1.40 | 1.34 ± 3.34 | 3.56 ± 5.76 | 11.376 | <.001bcde |
Note: Data are presented as means ± standard deviations. a–e denotes post hoc analysis further revealed the source of ANOVA difference (a: HC vs. SMC; b: HC vs. MCI; c: HC vs. AD; d: SMC vs. MCI; e: MCI vs. AD).
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; ADNI‐EF, the composite scores for executive function in ADNI; ADNI‐LAN, the composite scores for language in ADNI; ADNI‐MEM, the composite scores for memory in ADNI; ADNI‐VS, the composite scores for visuospatial function in ADNI; APOE, apolipoprotein; CDR, clinical dementia rating; GDS, geriatric depression scale; HC, healthy control; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini‐Mental State Examination; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory; SMC, subjective memory complaint.