Mice were infected with 1000 PFU SARS2-N501YMA30 to ensure survival until 6 dpi. a, Cytokine and chemokine transcripts were measured by qRT–PCR after isolation of RNA from the lungs of uninfected (0 dpi) and infected young BALB/c mice. Each lung was collected from an individual mouse. Mock (0 dpi), n = 4; 2, 4, and 6 dpi, n = 10. b, Quantification of immune cells (as gated in Supplementary Fig. 1) in the lungs (n = 6 for uninfected group; n = 9 for CD4, CD8 and B cells; n = 6 for IMM, eosinophils, PMNs and AM, for both 4 and 6 dpi) each lung was collected from an individual mouse). IMM: inflammatory monocytes/macrophages; PMN: neutrophils; AM: alveolar macrophages. c, e, Representative FACS plots of IFNγ+ CD4 and CD8 T cells after stimulation with indicated peptide pools in the lungs of young BALB/c mice at 6 (c) and 21 (e) dpi. d, f, Summary data for IFNγ and TNF expression are shown (n = 5, 6 dpi; n = 4, 21 dpi). Data in a, b, d are mean ± s.e.m. a and b are pooled data from two independent experiments. Data in c-f are from one of two independent experiments.