Effect of ABA on the SA biosynthesis and the role of SA− in ABA−induced chilling tolerance in grafted cucumber. (a,b) PAL mRNA abundance and SA content, respectively, in Cs/Cs leaves. The Cs/Cs cucumber were pretreated with 50 μM ABA or distilled water (control), and then the changes of PAL mRNA abundance and SA content were measured within 12 h. (c) SA accumulation in Cs/Cs or Cs/Cm after chilling treatment for 0 h and 12 h. Plants were foliar sprayed with 50 μM ABA, 3 mM Na2WO4, 50 μM Flu, or distilled water (control) for 12 h and then exposed to chilling stress. (d) Electrolyte leakage of grafted plants after chilling treatment for 0 h and 48 h. (e) Chilling injury index of grafted plants before and after chilling treatment for 72 h. (f) Fv/Fm of Cs/Cs or Cs/Cm plants after chilling treatment for 0 h and 48 h. Plants were treated with 50 μM ABA, 30 μM AIP + 50 μM ABA, 0.1 mM AOPP + 50 μM ABA, or distilled water (control) for 12 h and then exposed to chilling stress. Data are presented as the means ± SD (n = 3). Different letters indicate a statistical significance between samples at p < 0.05.