Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics and laboratory variables in women with and without HDP
| Variable | HDP (n = 14) | Non-HDP (n = 132) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Maternal age (y) * | 33.6 ± 4.4 | 33.6 ± 4.3 | 0.9 |
| Family history AHT † | 4 (28.6%) | 58 (43.9%) | 0.2 |
| Parity * | 1.71 ± 1.4 | 1.89 ± 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Previous history of GDM † | 1 (7.1%) | 19 (14.4%) | 0.4 |
| Previous history of preeclampsia † | 1 (7.1%) | 2 (1.5%) | 0.1 |
| Gestational age at enrollement (w) * | 31.2 ± 1.9 | 31.1 ± 1.9 | 0.8 |
| Pregestational BMI (kg/m2) * | 30.1 ± 6.8 | 26.0 ± 5.0 | 0.046 |
| Obesity † | 8 (57.1%) | 28 (21.2%) | 0.006 |
| GDM † | 11 (78.6%) | 67 (50.2%) | 0.047 |
| Insulin treatment † | 5 (45.4%) | 24 (35.8%) | 0.2 |
| Office Systolic BP (mmHg) * | 118.5 ± 15.7 | 109.7 ± 15.4 | 0.043 |
| Office Diastolic BP (mmHg) * | 74.5 ± 9.7 | 65.9 ± 9.0 | 0.001 |
| ASA prophylaxis † | 5 (35.7%) | 14 (10.6%) | 0.008 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| Basal glucose (mmol/L) * | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 0.039 |
| HbA1c (%)* | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 0.002 |
| HOMA-IR * | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 0.09 |
| Albumin/creatinine (mg/g) * | 28.3 ± 60.0 | 6.3 ± 6.6 | 0.1 |
| Uric acid (mmol/L) * | 0.24 ± 0.06 | 0.22 ± 0.13 | 0.6 |
| Total-cholesterol (mmol/L) * | 6.52 ± 0.86 | 6.45 ± 1.19 | 0.8 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) * | 3.76 ± 0.8 | 3.66 ± 1.22 | 0.7 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) * | 1.99 ± 0.42 | 1.92 ± 0.47 | 0.6 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) * | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 0.6 |
* Data expressed as means ± standard deviation; comparisons between different groups were done by the Student’s t– test for parametric variables and the Mann–Whitney U– test for nonparametric variables
† Data expressed as n (%); comparisons among groups were done using the χ2 test, or Fisher’s exact test for nonparametric contrasting
HDP hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, AHT arterial hypertension, BMI body mass index, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, BP blood pressure, ASA acetylsalicylic acid, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein