Table 4.

Pharmacokinetics parameters of each curcuminoid when provided with a different formulation ¹.

Curcuminoid	Formulation 2	Tmax (h)	p-Value 3	Cmax (ng/mL)	p-Value	C24 h (ng/mL)	p-Value	C1 h (ng/mL)	p-Value	AUC 0–24 h (ng/mL*h)	p-Value	AUC 0–6 h (ng/mL*h)	p-Value
Curcumin	MAG-OM3	4.2 ± 0.6	0.2502	12.9 ± 1.6	0.1152	2.3 ± 0.3	0.9675	8.6 ± 1.2 A	<0.0001	134.3 ± 14.3	0.0307	39.3 ± 4.4 A	0.0337
	Rice oil	5.1 ± 0.5		9.1 ± 0.9		2.1 ± 0.2		5.2 ± 0.7 A		110.1 ± 10.5		28.0 ± 3.3 B
	Powder	5.8 ± 0.7		12.3 ± 1.3		2.2 ± 0.2		2.5 ± 0.6 B		132.0 ± 12.5		36.8 ± 4.1
Demethoxy-curcumin (DMC)	MAG-OM3	2.3 ± 0.4 A	0.0009	3.3 ± 0.5 A	0.0102	0.2 ± 0.1	0.8440	2.8 ± 2.1 A	<0.0001	22.6 ± 2.7	0.0576	8.9 ± 1.0 A	0.0113
	Rice oil	3.5 ± 0.5 AB		2.0 ± 0.2 B		0.1 ± 0.1		1.5 ± 1.1 B		17.7 ± 1.8		6.1 ± 0.7 B
	Powder	4.5 ± 0.4 B		2.5 ± 0.3 AB		0.2 ± 0.1		0.8 ± 1.0 B		22.2 ± 2.2		8.1 ± 0.9 AB
Bisdemethoxy-curcumin (BDMC)	MAG-OM3	1.1 ± 0.1 A	<0.0001	2.3 ± 0.3 A	0.0066	0.10 ± 0.03	0.8465	2.2 ± 1.6 A	<0.0001	10.0 ± 1.0	0.1590	5.1 ± 0.5 A	0.0063
	Rice oil	1.1 ± 0.1 A		1.6 ± 0.2 B		0.01 ± 0.06		1.6 ± 1.1 B		7.1 ± 0.8		3.5 ± 0.4 B
	Powder	1.8 ± 0.2 B		1.5 ± 0.1 B		0.05 ± 0.04		0.8 ± 0.9 B		9.3 ± 0.8		4.6 ± 0.4 AB
Total Curcuminoids	MAG-OM3	3.4 ± 0.5	0.1681	17.7 ± 2.3	0.0939	2.5 ± 0.4	0.7283	13.6 ± 1.8 A	<0.0001	166.8± 17.8 A	0.0297	53.3 ± 5.9 A	0.0230
	Rice oil	4.3 ± 0.5		11.9 ± 1.1		2.2 ± 0.3		8.2 ± 1.0 B		134.0 ± 12.7 B		37.6 ± 4.3 B
	Powder	4.8 ± 0.4		15.7 ± 1.6		2.4 ± 0.3		4.1 ± 0.9 C		163.1 ± 15.3 AB		49.5 ± 5.4 AB

¹ Results are mean ± SEM. ² All formulations contain 400 mg of curcuminoid extract, MAG-OM3 = Omega-3 esterified in monoglycerides. ³ Data were not normally distributed, and a Friedman non-parametric test was used and if it met statistical difference to compare each formulation a Dunn’s multiple comparisons was used and statistical difference was represented by different letters.