Figure 5.

Schematic view of genes involved in the lignin biosynthesis pathway and heatmap analysis of DEGs under Na₂CO₃ stress (TS vs. DS). (A) Overview of lignin biosynthesis pathway. The solid lines indicate direct interactions, and the dashed lines indicate indirect interactions. The arrows indicate stimulatory effects, whereas the T sharp symbol indicates inhibitory effects. (B) Heatmap analysis of DEGs enriched in the lignin biosynthesis pathway in leaves and roots. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; CCR, cinnamoyl CoA reductase; C4H, trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase; COMT, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase; CCoAMT, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase; F5H, ferulate-5-hydroxylase; CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; POD, peroxidase. DS and TS represent diploid and tetraploid under Na₂CO₃ stress, respectively. Expression scores are shown as log₂ fold change (FC) with * p < 0.05.