GHG	greenhouse gas
HEV	hybrid electric vehicle
PHEV	plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
EMS	management strategy
ECMS	equivalent consumption minimum strategy
MPC	model predictive control
A-ECMS	adaptive-equivalent consumption minimum strategy
SOC	state of charge
ITS	intelligent traffic system
GIS	geographic information system
GPS	global positioning system
DP	dynamic programming
QP	quadratic programming
PMP	Pontryagin’s maximum principle
RL	reinforcement learning
NAR	nonlinear autoregression
BP	backpropagation
ANFIS	adaptive network fuzzy inference system
GCN(s)	graph convolutional network(s)
SOM	self-organizing mapping neural network
HHO	Harris hawk optimization
RB	rule-based
CD	charge depleting
CS	charge sustaining