Table 3.
Summary of recent studies regarding circulating microRNAs in adult myocarditis patients.
| Ref. | Year | Population | Comparison | miRNA | Outcome | Methodology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blanco-Domínguez et al. [49] | 2021 | 39 acute MC pts | 39 STEMI pts 38 NSTEMI pts31 HCs |
miR-Chr8:96 | ↑ miR-Chr8:96 in MC pts compared to other groups | miRs in plasma by qPCR |
| Nie et al. [36] | 2020 | 20 fulminant MC pts | 5 MI pts 10 HCs |
miR-4763-3p miR-4281 |
↑ miR-4763-3p in fulminant MC pts compared to other groups↑ miR-4281 in fulminant MC pts compared to HCs | miRs in plasma by microarray and qPCR |
| Aleshcheva et al. [50] | 2020 | 343 AMC or VMC pts | 71 DCM pts 85 HCs |
Let-7f miR-197 miR-223 miR-93 miR-379 |
deregulation of these miRNAs only in MC pts: ↑ miR-93, miR-197, miR-379 compared to other groups ↓ let7f, miR-223 compared to HCs |
miRs in serum by qPCR |
| Chen et al. [51] | 2022 | fulminant MC pts | HCs | miR-29b miR-125b |
↑ miR-29b and miR-125b in fulminant MC patients compared to HCs | miRs in plasma by microarray analyses and qPCR |
| Obradovic et al. [52] | 2021 | 60 MC pts | 29 DCM pts | miR-155 miR-206 |
↑ miR-155 and miR-206 in MC pts compared to control group | miRs in plasma by qPCR |
| Marketou et al. [53] | 2021 | 40 acute VMC pts | 29 HCs | miR-21-5p miR-1-3p |
↑ miR-21-5p and miR-1-3p compared to control group | miRs in blood by qPCR |
| Zhang et al. [54] | 2021 | 99 fulminant MC pts | 32 non-fulminant MC pts 105 HCs |
miR-30a miR-192 miR-146a miR-155 miR-320a |
↑ miR-30a, miR-192, miR-146a, miR-155 and miR-320a in fulminant MC pts compared to other groups | exosomal miRs by NGS and qPCR |
| Fan et al. [55] | 2019 | 23 acute MC pts | 12 HCs | miR-181d miR-30a miR-125a miR-155 miR-21 |
↑ miR-181d, miR-30a, miR-125a and ↓ miR-125a, miR-21 in MC pts compared to HCs | miRs in serum exosomes by qPCR |
| Zhang et al. [56] | 2016 | 50 MC pts | 50 HCs | miR-98 | ↓ miR-98 in MC pts | miRs in plasma by qPCR |
↑—increased, ↓—decreased, AMC—autoimmune myocarditis, DCM—dilated cardiomyopathy, ECHO—echocardiography, HCs—healthy controls, HP—histopathology, LV—left ventricle, MC—myocarditis, MI—myocardial infarction, miR/miRNA—microRNA, miR-Ts—miRNA target sequences, NGS—next-generation sequencing, NSTEMI—non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, pts—patients, qPCR—quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ref.—reference, RNA—ribonucleic acid, STEMI—ST-elevation myocardial infarction, VMC—viral myocarditis.