Table 3.
Next-generation 3D Scaffolds and their therapeutics outcome.
| Types of Scaffolds and Polymers |
Drugs | Route of Administration |
Cell Line | Types of Cancer |
Outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LMW Chitosan and β-glycerophosphate | Doxorubicin | Intratumoral | H22 and SMMC 7721 | Hepatoma | Consistent chemotherapy drug delivery to tumor tissue. Less toxicity to normal tissues. |
[71] |
| Hyaluronic acid, Pluronic L121, and F127 | Doxorubicin and Docetaxel | Intratumoral and peritumoral | CT-26 | Colorectal carcinoma | Tumor inhibition. Reduce chemoresistance. |
[72] |
| Polylactic-co-glycolic acid and polyethylene glycol | PLK1shRNA and Doxorubicin | Injection: beside tumors | Saos-2 and MG63 | Osteosarcoma | Complete inhibition of cancer within 2 weeks. Higher apoptosis compared to single therapy. No systemic toxicity. |
[73] |
| Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and chitosan | Paclitaxel | Intratumor | M234-p | Mammary cancer | Crystal of paclitaxel decreases its action. A single dose of this scaffold is equal to four IP injections of paclitaxel. 63% of tumors suppressed. Non-toxic delivery system. |
[74] |
| Polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol | Porphyrin | Intravenous | HepG-2 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Excellent tumor targeting capability. Noninvasive. Biocompatible. |
[75] |
| Polycaprolactone, 1,4,8-trioxa-spiro-9-undecanone, and polyethylene glycol | Doxorubicin, thermos-responsive NPs, and zinc phthalocyanine | Peritumoral | 5637 cells | Bladder tumor | Less than 20% tumor cell viability after treatment. Less toxicity. Inhibits tumor growth. |
[11] |
| Poly(ε-caprolactone) and polyethylene glycol | Paclitaxel | Subcutaneous | 4T1 | Breast cancer | Preventing primary breast cancer. Inhibits distal metastasis. Wound-healing properties. |
[18] |
| Pluronic F127 and PECT | Nanocrystal of paclitaxel | Peritumoral injection | MCF-7 | Breast tumor | High drug-loading efficiency. Long-time stable at peritumoral site. Comparable anticancer effects. |
[76] |
| Chitosan, poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-itaconic acid), and glycerophosphate | Doxorubicin | N/A | MCF-7 | Breast cancer | Sustained drug release. Anti-proliferative effect. |
[77] |
| Chitosan, dihydrocaffeic acid, and pullulan | Doxorubicin and amoxicillin | N/A | HCT116 | Colon cancer and bacterial infections | Inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells. Antimicrobial properties. Good candidate for mucosal drug delivery. |
[78] |
| LMW chitosan, cyclodextrin, and F127 | Doxorubicin. | Intravenous | H22 | Breast tumor | Complete regression of tumor. Target delivery to H22 tumor. No doxorubicin accumulation in healthy tissues. |
[79] |
| Carboxyethyl chitosan and di-benzaldehyde polyethylene glycol | Doxorubicin | N/A | HepG2 and I929 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Self-healing properties. High drug-loading capacity. Long stability. Good cytocompatibility. |
[80] |
| Polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate and acrylic acid | 5-Fluorouracil | N/A | HepG2 and LO2 | Liver cancer | Controlled delivery of 5-Fluorouracil. Thermal, pH, and salinity sensitives. |
[81] |
| Glycol chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and β-sodium glycerophosphate. | Doxorubicin | N/A | Hela | Cervical carcinoma | Excellent cancer cell adhesion. pH-sensitive drug release. |
[82] |
| Polyacrylamide and DNA complex | Complementary DNA and doxorubicin | N/A | CEM | Lymphocytic leukemia | Maximum therapeutic response. | [83] |
| Poly-PPM | Platinum (IV) complex-mediated prodrug | Intravenous | A549 | Lung cancer | Sustained drug release properties. Prolongs half-life. Oxygen-independent reactive oxygen species generation. High accumulation of drug in cancer cells. Downregulates the expression of multidrug resistance protein 1. |
[84] |