Table 4.
Examples of the current scaffolds/hydrogels in clinical trials for cancer treatment (modified and reproduced under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license) [179].
| Name (Sponsor Company/University) |
Hydrogel Material/Payload (Gelation Mechanism) | Injection/Implant | Indications | Accessed on 1 October 2022 (http://clinicaltrials.gov) Identifier (Phase) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absorbable Radiopaque Tissue Marker (Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins) | Polyethylene glycol/TraceIT® (chemical reaction) | Between pancreas and duodenum | Imaging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma | NCT03307564 |
| Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Polyethylene glycol (chemical reaction) | Visceral pleura | Lung biopsy | NCT02224924 (Ph III) |
| Absorbable Radiopaque Tissue Marker (Washington University School of Medicine) | Polyethylene glycol/TraceIT® (chemical reaction) | Resection bed | Imaging of oropharyngeal cancer | NCT03713021 (Ph I) |
| Absorbable Radiopaque Hydrogel Spacer (Thomas Zilli, University Hospital, Geneva) | Polyethylene glycol/TraceIT® (chemical reaction) | Between the target (prostate/vagina) and the organ (rectum) | Spacing in radiation therapy for rectal cancer | NCT03258541 (NA) |
| Augmenix, Inc. | Polyethylene glycol/SpaceOAR® (chemical reaction) | Between the rectum and prostate | Spacing in radiation therapy for prostate cancer | NCT01538628 (Ph III) |
| Royal North Shore Hospital | Polyethylene glycol/SpaceOAR® (chemical reaction) | Between the rectum and prostate | Spacing in radiation therapy for prostate cancer | NCT02212548 (NA) |
| University of Washington | Polyethylene glycol/TraceIT® (chemical reaction) | Around circumference of the tumor bed | Imaging of bladder carcinoma | NCT03125226 |
| Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai | Polyethylene glycol/SpaceOAR® | Between the rectum and prostate | Spacing in radiation therapy for prostate cancer | NCT05224869 (Ph II) |
| Cancer applications: natural | ||||
| Gut Guarding Gel (National Cheng-Kung University Hospital) | Sodium alginate/calcium lactate (physical interaction) | Submucosal | Gastroenterological tumor and polyps | NCT03321396 (NA) |
| Smart Matrix Limited (Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Swansea, UK Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust) |
Human fibrin/alginate porous matrix | Surgical wound site | Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
NCT02059252 (Ph I) (Ph II) |
| Smart Matrix Limited | Human fibrin/alginate porous matrix | Full-thickness wounds arising from surgical excision of basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas | Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
NCT03742726 (NA) |
| Fibralign Corporation (University of Chicago Stanford University) | BioBridge® Collagen Matrix | Upper limb lymphedema secondary to breast cancer treatment | Breast Cancer-Associated Lymphedema | NCT04606030 (NA) |
| Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Integra LifeSciences Corporation) | (MatriStem PSM) A porcine-derived, extracellular matrix | Esophagus | Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | NCT01970306 (Ph II) |