Table 5.
Results of bidirectional MR-PRESSO analysis between GERD and cognitive traits.
| Exposure (nSNPs) | Outcome | MR-PRESSO RESULTS | MR-Egger Intercept | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global Test P | Raw OR | p | Cor-OR | p | Intercept | p | ||
| Cognitive traits (exposure) and GERD (outcome) | ||||||||
| Age of fulltime education (11) | GERD | 0.26 | 0.76 | 6.24 × 10−4 | - | - | −0.0045 | 0.70 |
| Educational qualification (103) | GERD | <2 × 10−4 | 0.72 | 2.94 × 10−14 | 0.72 | 2.23 × 10−13 | −0.0061 | 0.18 |
| Intelligence (166) | GERD | <2 × 10−4 | 0.75 | 8.67 × 10−12 | 0.76 | 3.75 × 10−11 | 0.0065 | 0.08 |
| FI Chained arithmetic (22) * | GERD | 0.23 | 0.96 | 0.1 | - | - | −0.0052 | 0.35 |
| FI Cond arithmetic (23) * | GERD | 0.041 | 0.99 | 0.65 | - | - | −0.012 | 0.017 |
| FI−famRelatCal (28) | GERD | 0.018 | 0.94 | 7.46 × 10−2 | - | - | −0.0031 | 0.57 |
| Fluid intelligence score (47) | GERD | <2 × 10−4 | 0.88 | 1.53 × 10−5 | 0.87 | 3.43 × 10−7 | 0.016 | 0.04 |
| FI−Word interpolation (5) | GERD | 0.036 | 0.91 | 0.26 | 0.85 | 2.31 × 10−2 | 0.021 | 0.84 |
| Cognitive performance (133) | GERD | <2 × 10−4 | 0.69 | 4.86 × 10−17 | 0.67 | 9.48 × 10−20 | 0.0056 | 0.12 |
| Educational attainment (294) | GERD | <0.001 | 0.54 | 6.94 × 10−34 | 0.53 | 8.56 × 10−45 | −0.0036 | 0.12 |
| GERD (exposure) and cognitive traits (outcome) | ||||||||
| GERD (19) | Age of fulltime education | 2 × 10−4 | 0.83 | 9.89 × 10−3 | 0.80 | 2.77 × 10−3 | −0.02 | 0.26 |
| GERD (19) | Educational qualification | <2 × 10−4 | 0.86 | 3.84 × 10−2 | 0.90 | 1.18 × 10−2 | −0.012 | 0.37 |
| GERD (19) | Intelligence | <2 × 10−4 | 0.89 | 2.51 × 10−3 | 0.91 | 2.29 × 10−3 | −0.01 | 0.22 |
| GERD (19) | FI Chained arithmetic | 0.56 | 0.91 | 0.25 | - | - | −0.026 | 0.22 |
| GERD (19) | FI Cond arithmetic | 0.49 | 0.86 | 0.046 | - | - | −0.027 | 0.13 |
| GERD (19) | FI−famRelatCal | 0.62 | 0.87 | 2.26 × 10−2 | - | - | −0.0095 | 0.52 |
| GERD (19) | Fluid intelligence score | <2 × 10−4 | 0.75 | 7.23 × 10−3 | 0.79 | 1.15 × 10−2 | −0.032 | 0.15 |
| GERD (19) | FI−Word interpolation | 0.19 | 0.73 | 1.70 × 10−3 | - | - | −0.041 | 0.04 |
| GERD (19) | Cognitive performance | <2 × 10−4 | 0.90 | 2.99 × 10−2 | 0.95 | 0.11 | −0.016 | 0.13 |
| GERD (19) | Educational attainment | <2 × 10−4 | 0.87 | 2.53 × 10−3 | 0.88 | 3.05 × 10−4 | −0.0077 | 0.41 |
nSNP: number of SNPs utilised as instrumental variables, SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism, GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease, FI Chained arithmetic: fluid intelligence-chained arithmetic, FI Cond arithmetic: fluid intelligence-conditional arithmetic, FI−famRelatCal: fluid intelligence-family relationship calculation, FI−Word interpolation: fluid intelligence-word interpolation, IVW: inverse variance weighted, p: p-value, MR-PRESSO: Mendelian randomisation pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, OR: odds ratio, Cor-OR: corrected odds ratio, * instrumental variables were selected at psnp < 1 × 10−5. Note spaces marked with a dash indicate that there was no outlier corrected results in the MR-PRESSO analysis.