Table 4.
Cytokine levels in the serum of patients with schizophrenia depending on the type of clinical course.
| Parameter | Episodic Course (n = 87) |
Continuous Course (n = 71) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proinflammatory cytokines | |||
| IL-1α | 74.27 (52.48; 105.1) | 94.87 (56.95; 118.65) | 0.046 * |
| IL-1β | 3.69 (2.31; 4.48) | 4.13 (2.94; 5.00) | 0.035 * |
| IL-2 | 6.21 (5.01; 7.12) | 6.67 (5.07; 7.57) | 0.262 |
| IL-3 | 2.1 (1.2; 3.34) | 1.56 (1.26; 3.32) | 0.780 |
| IL-5 | 3.59 (2.02; 4.27) | 4.13 (2.24; 4.67) | 0.084 |
| IL-6 | 11.18 (5.75; 17.27) | 12.12 (6.87; 15.78) | 0.788 |
| IL-7 | 14.43 (9.97; 29.91) | 26.73 (10.33; 32.18) | 0.184 |
| IL-8 | 12.84 (9.41; 21.21) | 12.04 (8.26; 20.21) | 0.544 |
| IL-9 | 8 (3.5; 13.6) | 11.86 (3.84; 13.6) | 0.165 |
| IL-12p40 | 45.83 (37.21;52.7) | 47.55 (42.36; 54.42) | 0.156 |
| IL-12p70 | 16.24 (6.15; 23.71) | 21.86 (7.49; 26.47) | 0.019 * |
| IL-15 | 9.34 (6.26; 11.71) | 10.83 (7.49; 12.3) | 0.092 |
| IL-17A | 8.74 (4.29; 13.73) | 12.23 (4.61; 15.59) | 0.083 |
| IFN-α2 | 52.11 (17.59; 90.62) | 83.26 (23.65; 96.42) | 0.175 |
| IFN-γ | 17.21 (9.97; 23.01) | 19.39 (11.84; 23.73) | 0.106 |
| TNF-α | 23.85 (17.98; 31.16) | 25.20 (20.67; 29.63) | 0.656 |
| TNF-β | 23.67 (6.00; 30.15) | 25.53 (6.90; 35.62) | 0.291 |
| Anti-inflammatory cytokines | |||
| IL-1RA | 49.19 (38.55; 69.55) | 46.02 (38.13; 60.68) | 0.286 |
| IL-4 | 122.08 (77.86; 160.49) | 136.34 (81.48; 170.1) | 0.189 |
| IL-10 | 14.04 (7.85; 26.41) | 23.44 (9.05; 27.89) | 0.087 |
| IL-13 | 19.47 (13.52; 24.02) | 20.24 (13.75; 24.02) | 0.479 |
| TGF-α | 4.67 (3.7; 6.94) | 4.42 (3.44; 5.88) | 0.181 |
Note: Data are presented as a median (lower quartile; upper quartile); groups were compared by the Mann–Whitney U test; *: statistically significant differences.