. 2022 Dec 5;7(6):777–789. doi: 10.1089/can.2021.0176

Table 2.

Multivariate Linear Regression Models of Pharmacokinetic Outcomes by Demographic Characteristics

Outcome	Characteristic	Comparator	Reference	Δ⁹-THC (n=32)			CBD (n=31)^a			THC-COOH (n=32)			11-OH-THC (n=32)
Outcome	Characteristic	Comparator	Reference	Estimate	SE	p	Estimate	SE	p	Estimate	SE	p	Estimate	SE	p
AUC_T (ng/mL^*h)	Sex	Male (n=16)	Female (n=16)	−2.329	0.924	0.013	−1.611	0.501	0.002	−65.770	31.530	0.040	−6.621	1.970	0.001
	BMI	Overweight (n=21)	Normal (n=11)	−5.053	1.071	<0.001	−1.426	0.587	0.017	24.218	36.543	0.509	0.416	2.283	0.856
	Length of recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.138	0.069	0.048	0.097	0.039	0.014	−4.175	2.357	0.080	0.079	0.147	0.593
	Earliest age at recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.089	0.076	0.241	−0.039	0.042	0.361	−2.315	2.587	0.373	0.038	0.162	0.812
C_max (ng/mL)	Sex	Male (n=16)	Female (n=16)	−1.290	0.396	0.002	−0.957	0.261	<0.001	−6.590	3.412	0.057	−1.856	0.446	<0.001
	BMI	Overweight (n=21)	Normal (n=11)	−0.064	0.459	0.889	0.083	0.306	0.787	4.493	3.955	0.259	0.808	0.517	0.122
	Length of recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.038	0.030	0.205	0.051	0.020	0.014	−0.222	0.255	0.386	0.000	0.033	0.990
	Earliest age at recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		−0.092	0.032	0.006	−0.048	0.022	0.032	−0.706	0.280	0.013	−0.061	0.037	0.099
t_max (h)	Sex	Male (n=16)	Female (n=16)	0.556	0.550	0.314	0.162	0.496	0.745	0.843	0.553	0.131	0.909	0.503	0.074
	BMI	Overweight (n=21)	Normal (n=11)	−1.165	0.637	0.071	−1.520	0.582	0.011	−1.129	0.641	0.082	−1.247	0.583	0.035
	Length of recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.034	0.041	0.417	0.064	0.039	0.100	−0.008	0.041	0.843	0.025	0.038	0.506
	Earliest age at recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.145	0.045	0.002	0.193	0.042	<0.001	0.125	0.045	0.007	0.121	0.041	0.004
t_1/2 (h)	Sex	Male (n=16)	Female (n=16)	0.342	0.332	0.305	0.327	0.325	0.318	−0.379	0.372	0.310	0.142	0.329	0.667
	BMI	Overweight (n=21)	Normal (n=11)	−1.293	0.384	0.001	−1.279	0.382	0.001	−0.233	0.431	0.590	−0.972	0.381	0.012
	Length of recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.034	0.025	0.171	0.043	0.025	0.095	0.001	0.028	0.968	0.049	0.025	0.050
	Earliest age at recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.122	0.027	<0.001	0.104	0.028	<0.001	0.127	0.031	<0.001	0.127	0.027	<0.001
t_lag (h)	Sex	Male (n=16)	Female (n=16)	0.625	0.196	0.002	0.237	0.110	0.034	0.219	0.336	0.517	0.385	0.229	0.096
	BMI	Overweight (n=21)	Normal (n=11)	−0.394	0.227	0.085	−0.069	0.128	0.589	−0.804	0.394	0.044	−0.520	0.265	0.053
	Length of recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		−0.013	0.015	0.385	−0.014	0.008	0.092	0.041	0.026	0.124	−0.001	0.017	0.954
	Earliest age at recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.044	0.016	0.008	0.025	0.009	0.006	0.085	0.029	0.004	0.034	0.019	0.076
AUC_i (ng/mL^*h)	Sex	Male (n=16)	Female (n=16)	−1.794	0.972	0.068	−1.155	0.628	0.069	−98.280	35.943	0.008	−5.988	2.028	0.004
	BMI	Overweight (n=21)	Normal (n=11)	−5.533	1.127	<0.001	−2.078	0.709	0.004	15.738	41.658	0.706	−0.081	2.351	0.972
	Length of recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.154	0.073	0.037	0.179	0.048	<0.001	−3.586	2.687	0.185	0.010	0.152	0.948
	Earliest age at recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.127	0.080	0.116	0.152	0.056	0.009	0.441	2.949	0.881	0.024	0.166	0.887
λ (h-1)	Sex	Male (n=16)	Female (n=16)	−0.031	0.058	0.598	0.007	0.068	0.916	0.002	0.002	0.228	0.008	0.023	0.723
	BMI	Overweight (n=21)	Normal (n=11)	0.142	0.067	0.038	0.189	0.079	0.019	0.000	0.002	0.912	0.065	0.026	0.017
	Length of recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.004	0.004	0.336	0.001	0.005	0.786	0.000	0.000	0.294	−0.002	0.002	0.309
	Earliest age at recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		−0.010	0.005	0.044	−0.011	0.006	0.064	−0.001	0.000	0.001	−0.006	0.002	0.001
λ_Z (h-1)	Sex	Male (n=16)	Female (n=16)	−0.068	0.054	0.215	−0.097	0.063	0.129	0.006	0.005	0.257	0.017	0.021	0.413
	BMI	Overweight (n=21)	Normal (n=11)	0.136	0.063	0.033	0.128	0.072	0.078	0.004	0.006	0.505	0.040	0.024	0.100
	Length of recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.003	0.004	0.395	0.005	0.005	0.292	0.000	0.000	0.376	−0.002	0.002	0.204
	Earliest age at recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		−0.013	0.004	0.004	−0.009	0.006	0.107	−0.002	0.000	<0.001	−0.006	0.002	0.001
t_{1/2, z} (h)	Sex	Male (n=16)	Female (n=16)	0.381	0.208	0.070	1.387	0.613	0.026	−3.418	1.989	0.089	−0.038	0.327	0.908
	BMI	Overweight (n=21)	Normal (n=11)	−0.864	0.241	0.001	−1.289	0.693	0.066	−3.337	2.305	0.151	−0.304	0.379	0.425
	Length of recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.039	0.016	0.013	0.081	0.047	0.086	0.275	0.149	0.068	0.019	0.024	0.451
	Earliest age at recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.113	0.017	<0.001	0.170	0.055	0.003	0.603	0.163	<0.001	0.087	0.027	0.002
k_a (h-1)	Sex	Male (n=16)	Female (n=16)	−0.135	0.108	0.215	−0.163	0.127	0.204	0.012	0.011	0.257	0.034	0.041	0.413
	BMI	Overweight (n=21)	Normal (n=11)	0.271	0.125	0.033	0.269	0.143	0.063	0.008	0.012	0.505	0.079	0.048	0.100
	Length of recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		0.007	0.008	0.395	0.011	0.010	0.274	−0.001	0.001	0.376	−0.004	0.003	0.204
	Earliest age at recreational cannabis use	Each incremental year (n=32)		−0.026	0.009	0.004	−0.009	0.012	0.441	−0.004	0.001	<0.001	−0.011	0.003	0.001

Bold indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Model estimates represent the average difference in a pharmacokinetic outcome of a participant in the comparator group relative to one in the reference group, adjusted for all other modeled characteristics.

For CBD metabolite, for male n=15, for female n=16, for overweight n=20, for normal n=11, and for length of recreational cannabis use and earliest age at recreational cannabis use n=31.

^{^a}

CBD metabolite, the data are for 31 participants as for a 20-year-old male, CBD concentrations never reached greater than the lower limit of detection.

Δ⁹-THC, tetrahydrocannabinol; λ, elimination rate constant; λ_z, terminal elimination rate constant; AUC_i, area under the curve to infinity; AUC_T, area under the curve to the last measured time point; CBD, cannabidiol; C_max, maximum concentration; k_a, absorption rate constant; SE, standard error; t_1/2, half-life; t_{1/2, z}, terminal half-life; THC-COOH, 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ⁹-THC; t_lag, lag time; t_max, time to maximum concentration.