Table 2.

Caregiver Challenges in Providing Pain Management

Main categories	Specific challenges and concerns
Category I: caregiver-related issues	A. Fears (n = 22, 40%)9,22,31–35,36–48,49 B. Culture, religions, and beliefs (n = 14, 25%)9,11,16,31–34,37,38,46,47,50,52 C. Function and cognition (n = 10, 18%)7,18,25,26,44,48,52–54 D. Self-efficacy (n = 3, 5%)7,55,56
Category II: caregivers' limited knowledge and skills in pain management	A. Pain assessment concerns (n = 11, 20%)23,24,36,38,39,50,57–61 B. Inadequate information in pain management (n = 29, 53%)7,10,11,15,16,18,24–26,30, 33–35,38–40,42–44,50–54,56,63–66,a C. Pain treatments documentation and organization (n = 7, 13%)7,22,25,26,39,64,65
Category III: communication challenges with health care providers	A. Poor communication in pain management (n = 20, 36%)7,9,16,18,22,24,30,39,41–43,48,53,65
Category IV: patient-related issues	A. Reluctance to report pain (n = 13, 24%)7,11,16,33,34,37,39,47,50,52,58,62,66,68 B. Fear of using pain medication (n = 7; 14%)7,25,33,37,39,43,46,50,52 C. Balancing quality of life and pain management (n = 7, 14%)7,25,36,46,53,62,65 D. Inability to report pain (n = 4, 8%)7,16,25,30

^a Newly added challenges to Kelley's Informal Caregiver Pain Management Framework.