Table 1.
Summarizing overview of the main microbial alterations that occur in SCZ.
| No. of Patients | Hypervariable Region Primers Sequencer |
Microbial Ratio | Year of Publication | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
n = 117 53/64 |
V3-V4 341F 5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′ 805R 5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′ HiSeq 2500 |
Proteobacteria ↑ Firmicutes ↓ Succinivibrio ↑ Megasphaera ↑ Collinsella ↑ Clostridium ↑ Klebsiella ↑ Methanobrevibacter ↑ Blautia ↓ Coprococcus ↓ Roseburia ↓ |
2018 | [37] |
|
n = 29 12/17 |
V3-V4 357F 5′-CGCTCTTCCGATCTCTGTACGGRAGGCAGCAG-3′ 806R 5′-CGCTCTTCCGATCTGACGGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′ MiSeq |
Parabacteroides ↑ | 2019 | [34] |
|
n = 37 21/16 |
V4 515F 5′GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3′ 806R 5′-TAATCTWTGGGVHCATCAGG-3′ MiSeq |
Alistipes ↑ Actinobacteria ↑ |
2019 | [39] |
|
n = 50 25/25 |
V4 HiSeq 2000 |
Proteobacteria ↓
Anaerococcus ↑ Haemophilus ↓ Sutterella ↓ Clostridium ↓ |
2019 | [40] |
|
n = 194 40/85/69 |
V4 515F 5′GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3′ 806R 5′-TAATCTWTGGGVHCATCAGG-3′ MiSeq |
Christensenellaceae ↑ Enterobacteriaceae ↑ Pasteurellaceae ↓ Turicibacteraceae ↓ Escherichia ↑ |
2020 | [38] |
|
n = 26 10/16 |
ITS1F CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA ITS2R GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC 338F 5′- ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′ 806R 5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′ MiSeq |
Proteobacteria ↑ Faecalibacterium ↓ Lachnospiraceae ↓ Chaetomium ↑ Trichoderma ↓ |
2020 | [42] |
|
n = 168 84/84 |
V4 515F 5′GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3′ 806R 5′-TAATCTWTGGGVHCATCAGG-3′ HiSeq 2500 |
Actinobacteria ↑ Deltaproteobacteria ↑ Actinomycetales ↑ Sphingomonadales ↑ Rhodocyclales ↓ Sphingomonadaceae ↑ Alcaligenaceae ↓ Enterococcaceae ↓ Leuconostocaceae ↓ Rhodocyclaceae ↓ Rikenellaceae ↓ Eggerthella ↑ Megasphaera ↑ Enterococcus ↓ Akkermansia muciniphila ↑ Bifidobacterium adolescentis ↑ Clostridium perfringens ↑ Lactobacillus gasseri ↑ Megasphaera elsdeniis ↑ |
2020 | [41] |
|
n = 118 32/29/29/28 |
V3-V4 MiSeq |
Firmicutes ↓ Bacteroidetes ↑ Bacteroidaceae ↑ Rikenellaceae ↑ Tannerellaceae ↑ Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ↑ Bacteroides uniformis ↑ Parabacteroides goldsteinii ↑ |
2022 | [35] |
|
n = 161 90/71 |
V3-V4 341F 5′-CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG-3 ’ 785R 5′-ACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC-3′ MiSeq |
Faecalibacterium ↓ Roseburia ↓ Actinomyces ↑ Butyricicoccus ↓ Prevotella ↑ |
2022 | [36] |
|
n = 90 45/45 |
V3-V4 341F 5′-CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG-3′ 805R 5′-GACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC-3′ NovaSeq 6000 |
Bacteroidetes ↓ Fusobacteria ↓ Firmicutes ↑ Verrucomicrobia ↑ Synergistetes ↑ Christensenella ↑ Desulfovibrio ↑ |
2022 | [33] |
↑—increase; ↓—decrease.