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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The figure shows the mechanisms able to induce varicocele, the role of the inflammatory cascade on the testis, and the behavior of inflammation mediators responsible for an altered fertility. The inhibitory role of natural products and healthy diet is also shown.