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Several pathways of GABA synthesis in astrocytes. (1) Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) can convert glutamate into GABA [28]. (2,3) GABA can be synthesized from putrescine, a monoamine, via (2) Diamine Oxydase (DAO) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1a1 (Aldh1a1, [34]) or (3) Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B, [35]).
