Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of somatic and psychological variables in the population and according to practice group.
| Total (N = 569) | Non-practitioners (NP) (N = 405) | Practitioners | F | Value of p | η2 | Post hoc test (Tukey) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beginners (BE) (N = 87) | Advanced (AD) (N = 77) | |||||||
| COVID-19 anxiety | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD [Min, Max] | 4.24 ± 2.86 [0, 10] | 4.20 ± 2.87 | 4.77 ± 2.68 | 3.87 ± 2.97 | 2.19 | 0.11 | 0.007 | - |
| Somatic symptoms (PHQ-15) | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD [Min, Max] | 10.7 ± 5.37 [0, 30] | 10.3 ± 5.32 | 12.2 ± 4.69 | 10.9 ± 6.09 | 4.50 | 0.01 | 0.015 | NP < BE |
| Score 0–4 | 74 (13%) | 57 (14%) | 3 (3%) | 14 (18%) | ||||
| Score 5–9 (mild) | 177 (31%) | 136 (34%) | 22 (25%) | 19 (25%) | ||||
| Score 10–14 (moderate) | 183 (32%) | 124 (31%) | 36 (41%) | 23 (30%) | ||||
| Score ≥ 15 (severe) | 135 (24%) | 88 (22%) | 26 (30%) | 21 (27%) | ||||
| PHQ-15 score ≥ 10 | 318 (56%) | 212 (52%) | 62 (71%) | 44 (57%) | ||||
| Depression (PHQ-8) | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD [Min, Max] | 9.51 ± 6.14 [0, 24] | 9.34 ± 6.10 | 10.3 ± 6.02 | 9.48 ± 6.47 | 0.91 | 0.40 | 0.003 | - |
| Score 0–4 (none) | 137 (24%) | 99 (24%) | 16 (18%) | 22 (29%) | ||||
| Score 5–9 (mild) | 173 (30%) | 126 (31%) | 27 (31%) | 20 (26%) | ||||
| Score 10–14 (moderate) | 136 (24%) | 97 (24%) | 22 (25%) | 17 (22%) | ||||
| Score 15–19 (moderate severe) | 81 (14%) | 55 (14%) | 13 (15%) | 13 (17%) | ||||
| Score 20–24 (severe) | 42 (7%) | 28 (7%) | 9 (10%) | 5 (6%) | ||||
| PHQ-8 score ≥ 10 | 259 (46%) | 180 (44%) | 44 (51%) | 35 (45%) | ||||
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD [Min, Max] | 8.42 ± 6.05 [0, 21] | 8.40 ± 6.09 | 8.75 ± 5.63 | 8.14 ± 6.32 | 0.21 | 0.80 | 0.000 | - |
| GAD-7 score ≥ 10 | 205 (36%) | 143 (35%) | 33 (38%) | 29 (38%) | ||||
| Depression and anxiety | 173 (30%) | 120 (30%) | 27 (31%) | 26 (34%) | ||||
| CERQ adaptive | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD [Min, Max] | 61.2 ± 14.8 [20, 100] | 59.9 ± 14.7 | 61.8 ± 14.4 | 66.9 ± 14.3 | 7.32 | <0.001 | 0.025 | NP < AD |
| CERQ maladaptive | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD [Min, Max] | 36.8 ± 10.4 [16, 76] | 36.8 ± 10.8 | 38.4 ± 9.47 | 34.9 ± 9.13 | 2.27 | 0.10 | 0.007 | - |
| Dispositional mindfulness (MAAS) | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD [Min, Max] | 3.75 ± 0.87 [1, 5.93] | 3.77 ± 0.85 | 3.74 ± 0.86 | 3.68 ± 0.93 | 0.35 | 0.70 | 0.001 | - |