Table 2.
Evidence evaluation of associations between sleep characteristics and cancer-related outcomes.
| Outcome | Source | Comparison | Quality Evaluation of Evidence | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p Random-Effects | No. of Cases/Outcomes | pthe Largest Study * | I2 (95% CI) | 95% Prediction Interval | Small-Study Effects | Excess Significance Bias | Evidence Class | |||
| Sleep duration | ||||||||||
| All-cancer risk | Chen Y, 2018 [45] | short vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 29.8 (4, 49) | 0.86, 1.18 | no | no | Non-significant |
| long vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 31.3 (6, 50) | 0.82, 1.26 | no | no | Non-significant | ||
| Skin cancer risk | Chen Y, 2018 [45] | short vs. ref | <0.05 but >10−3 | >1000 | <0.05 | 0.0 (0, 75) | 0.85, 1.02 | no | no | Weak |
| long vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 19.4 (0, 64) | 0.64, 1.34 | no | no | Non-significant | ||
| Colorectal cancer risk | Chen Y, 2018 [45] | short vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 38.3 (0, 75) | 0.75, 1.46 | no | no | Non-significant |
| long vs. ref | <10−3 but >10−6 | >1000 | >0.05 | 0.0 (0, 75) | 1.03, 1.41 | no | no | Suggestive | ||
| Ovarian cancer risk | Chen Y, 2018 [45] | short vs. ref | >0.05 | <1000 | >0.05 | 44.3 (0, 83) | 0.02, 46.34 | no | no | Non-significant |
| long vs. ref | >0.05 | <1000 | >0.05 | 60.5 (0, 89) | 0.00, 567.95 | no | no | Non-significant | ||
| Endometrial cancer risk | Chen Y, 2018 [45] | short vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 50.0 (0, 86) | 0.15, 6.20 | yes | no | Non-significant |
| long vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 0.0 (0, 90) | 0.23, 4.90 | no | no | Non-significant | ||
| Thyroid cancer risk | Chen Y, 2018 [45] | short vs. ref | >0.05 | <1000 | >0.05 | 65.0 (0, 90) | 0.00, 522.15 | no | no | Non-significant |
| long vs. ref | >0.05 | <1000 | >0.05 | 0.0 (0, 90) | 0.06, 14.58 | no | no | Non-significant | ||
| Lung cancer risk | Chen Y, 2018 [45] | short vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 46.1 (0, 80) | 0.65, 1.65 | no | no | Non-significant |
| long vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 41.6 (0, 78) | 0.59, 1.73 | no | no | Non-significant | ||
| Prostate cancer risk | Liu R, 2020 [26] | short vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 0.0 (0, 75) | 0.88, 1.10 | no | no | Non-significant |
| long vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 56.2 (0, 82) | 0.56, 1.40 | no | no | Non-significant | ||
| Breast cancer risk | Wong ATY, 2021 [25] | short vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 7.5 (0, 44) | 0.96, 1.03 | no | no | Non-significant |
| long vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 11.2 (0, 49) | 0.93, 1.07 | yes | no | Non-significant | ||
| All-cancer mortality | Stone CR, 2019 [24] | short vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 0.8 (0, 45) | 0.99, 1.07 | no | no | Non-significant |
| long vs. ref | <10−3 but >10−6 | >1000 | >0.05 | 5.4 (0, 37) | 1.02, 1.16 | no | no | Suggestive | ||
| Lung cancer mortality | Stone CR, 2019 [24] | short vs. ref | <10−3 but >10−6 | >1000 | <0.05 | 58.4 (28, 76) | 0.87, 1.66 | no | no | Suggestive |
| long vs. ref | <10−6 | >1000 | >0.05 | 84.5 (76, 90) | 0.76, 3.58 | no | no | Suggestive | ||
| Breast cancer mortality | Stone CR, 2019 [24] | short vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 57.1 (0, 84) | 0.53, 2.20 | no | no | Non-significant |
| long vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | <0.05 | 63.8 (5, 86) | 0.30, 4.05 | no | no | Non-significant | ||
| Prostate cancer mortality | Stone CR, 2019 [24] | short vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 0.0 (0, 85) | 0.74, 1.41 | no | no | Non-significant |
| long vs. ref | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 43.4 (0, 79) | 0.35, 2.47 | no | no | Non-significant | ||
| Sleep quality | ||||||||||
| All-cancer risk | Erren TC, 2016 [44] | poor vs. good | <0.05 but >10−3 | >1000 | >0.05 | 55.2 (12,77) | 0.91, 1.37 | yes | no | Weak |
| Breast cancer risk | Erren TC, 2016 [44] | poor vs. good | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 25.7 (0, 72) | 0.77, 1.40 | no | no | Non-significant |
| Napping | ||||||||||
| All-cancer risk | Erren TC, 2016 [44] | “yes” vs. “no” | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 85.4 (68, 93) | 0.82, 1.30 | no | no | Non-significant |
| All-cancer mortality | Zhong G, 2015 [43] | “yes” vs. “no” | >0.05 | >1000 | >0.05 | 8.9 (0, 86) | 0.85, 1.35 | no | no | Non-significant |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval. * The largest study: the study with the smallest standard error in the meta-analysis.