Table 2.
Metabolic profiles of study participants according to exercise groups.
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEG (Unweighted n = 3885, Ref) |
APA (Unweighted n = 2518) |
MSE (Unweighted n = 971) |
CEG (Unweighted n = 1486) |
NEG (Unweighted n = 6624, Ref) |
APA (Unweighted n = 3879) |
MSE (Unweighted n = 694) |
CEG (Unweighted n = 943) |
|
| Age (year) | 55.7 (10.9) | 57.6 (10.4) *** | 54.1 (10.3) ** | 55.0 (9.9) *** | 58.1 (11.8) | 56.6 (10.3) *** | 54.9 (10.4) ** | 53.1 (9.2) *** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 (3.2) | 24.3 (2.7) | 24.6 (3.1) | 24.5 (2.7) | 24.0 (3.5) | 23.3 (3.0) ** | 23.7 (3.3) *** | 22.9 (3.0) *** |
| WC (cm) | 87.2 (9.0) | 86.7 (7.7) | 86.9 (8.3) | 86.0 (7.7) *** | 81.4 (9.6) | 79.0 (8.4) *** | 80.0 (9.0) *** | 77.3 (8.0) *** |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 179.7 (154.6) | 165.8 (134.7) | 178.1 (148.6) * | 155.0 (127.3) *** | 128.3 (88.0) | 113.4 (73.7) *** | 115.5 (73.4) *** | 108.1 (81.4) *** |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 46.2 (11.3) | 47.0 (11.1) *** | 47.6 (11.2) | 48.6 (11.1) *** | 52.8 (12.4) | 55.4 (13.9) *** | 54.6 (12.5) *** | 57.9 (13.3) *** |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 107.3 (26.8) | 105.1 (24.3) | 106.0 (26.1) | 105.7 (26.4) | 101.9 (23.7) | 98.3 (20.8) *** | 99.2 (20.0) *** | 96.5 (16.6) *** |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122.1 (15.2) | 122.6 (14.9) * | 121.1 (14.9) | 122.1 (15.4) | 120.7 (17.9) | 117.2 (16.8) *** | 118.6 (17.3) *** | 115.5 (16.5) *** |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.2 (10.2) | 78.5 (10.2) * | 79.4 (10.2) | 79.3 (9.8) | 74.8 (9.9) | 74.0 (9.0) * | 75.3 (9.4) | 74.5 (9.3) |
| Hypertension (%) | 40.20 (0.9)% | 43.50 (1.1)% * | 36.90 (1.9)% | 36.30 (1.9)% * | 37.80 (0.7)% | 26.00 (0.9)% *** | 28.90 (1.9)% *** | 22.00 (1.9)% *** |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 22.00 (0.8)% | 22.00 (1.0)% | 24.00 (1.6)% | 18.20 (1.1)% ** | 29.50 (0.7)% | 26.60 (0.8)% ** | 29.20 (2.0)% | 25.90 (1.76)% * |
| Diabetes Mellitus (%) | 18.30 (0.7)% | 15.60 (0.8)% ** | 15.10 (1.3)% | 15.30 (1.3)% * | 14.20 (0.5)% | 8.60 (0.6)% *** | 10.30 (1.5)% *** | 6.80 (1.5)% *** |
* p-value < 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01, *** p-value < 0.001. Values are presented as weighted means (with standard errors) for continuous variables or weighted proportions (with standard errors) for categorical variables, respectively. Abbreviations: NEG, none exercise group; APA, aerobic physical activity group; MSE, muscle strengthening exercise group; CEG, combined exercise group; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG, fating plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.