1F2R	Three-wheeled vehicle with one steered wheel in front and two wheels in the rear
3D	Three-dimensional model
B–M	Fatigue criterion according to Brown and Miller
CAD	Computer-aided design
EU	European Union
FEA	Finite element analysis
FEM	Finite element method
F-S	Fatigue criterion Fatemi–Socie
Fo	Centrifugal force acting on the vehicle during cornering
G	Weight of the vehicle
LIU	Fatigue criterion according to Liu
MPa	MegaPascal
MBS	Multibody simulation
N	Number of cycles to fatigue fracture of the experimental specimens
Re	Yield strength of the frame material
Rm	Tensile strength of the frame material
Rz	Radius of a corner
SUV	Sport utility vehicle
SWT	Smith–Watson–Topper fatigue criterion
T	Centre of gravity of the vehicle
α	Constant angle given by the design of a conventional three-wheeled vehicle
β	Variable angle dependent upon the value of the wheel deflection j
γ	Total shear strain of the test specimen
δ	Variable angle dependent upon the value of the wheel deflection j
ε	Total normal strain of the test specimen
ζ	Steering wheel angle
λ	Constant angle given by the design of a conventional three-wheeled vehicle (equivalent to angle α)
μ	Variable angle dependent upon the value of the wheel deflection j (equivalent to the angle φ)
σeq	Equivalent stress of von Mises
φ	Variable angle dependent upon the value of the wheel deflection j
a	Acceleration of the vehicle
b	Track width of the vehicle
g	Gravitational acceleration
ht	Height of the vehicle’s center of gravity above the ground
i	Wheelbase of the vehicle
i 1	Distance of the vehicle’s center of gravity from the centerline of the front wheel
i 2	Distance of the vehicle’s center of gravity from the centerline of the rear wheel
j	Variable distance of the deflection of the front wheel of the vehicle from the longitudinal axis of symmetry
l	Geometric variable dependent upon the parameter w
m	Mass of the vehicle
v	Instantaneous speed of the vehicle
vmax	Maximum (safe) speed of the vehicle moving on the bend
x, y, z	Axes of the coordinate system
w	Variable dependent upon the value of the wheel deflection j