Table 2.
Baseline characteristics.
| Propensity Matched Cohort (N = 480) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| MICS-MITRAL (n = 160) |
Sternotomy (n = 320) |
p-Value | |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 66.7 ± 11.4 | 66.5 ± 10.2 | 0.89 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 70 (43.8%) | 164 (51.3) | 0.15 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.9 ± 3.3 | 26.2 ± 3.4 | 0.32 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 25 (15.6) | 69 (21.6) | 0.11 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 32 (20.0) | 89 (27.8) | 0.06 |
| LVEF (%), mean ± SD | 56.1 ± 1.1 | 54.9 ± 0.8 | 0.37 |
| COPD, n (%) | 11 (6.9) | 29 (9.1) | 0.41 |
| Pulmonary arterial hypertension, n (%) | 93 (58.9) | 193 (60.3) | 0.19 |
| Hemodialysis, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (0.9) | 0.72 |
|
Creatinine Clearance
(mL/min), mean ± SD |
69.9 ± 20.8 | 62.3 ± 23.0 | ≤0.001 ** |
| Peripherial artery disease, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 8 (2.5) | 0.15 |
| Carotid artery stenosis > 50%, n (%) | 6 (3.4) | 8 (2.5) | 0.45 |
| h/o TIA, n (%) | 8 (5.0) | 2 (0.6) | ≤0.01 ** |
| h/o Ischemic stroke, n (%) | 39 (4.0) | 23 (6.0) | 0.14 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 53 (33.1) | 137 (42.8) | ≤0.001 ** |
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 9 (5.6) | 31 (9.7) | 0.13 |
| Smoker status, n (%) | 25 (15.6) | 31 (9.8) | 0.06 |
| NYHA class III or IV, n (%) | 105 (65.6) | 181 (56.6) | ≤0.01 ** |
| Frailty, n (%) | 7 (4.4) | 9 (2.8) | 0.40 |
| EuroSCORE II (%), mean ± SD | 1.9 ± 2.3 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 0.58 |
Note: Bold values indicate statistical significance: *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01. Abbreviations: MICS-MITRAL, minimally invasive mitral valve surgery; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; h/o history of; TIA, transient ischemic attack; NYHA, New York Heart Association.