Table 1.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, complications, and outcomes of study population.
| Author Nation | Sex | Age Yrs | Site of Thrombosis | Risk Factors/Comorbidities | Other Complications | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ulvestad E., 2000 | F | 22 | Pulmonary embolism | Siögren syndrome, anti-phospholipid syndrome | None | Survived |
| Ohrui T., 2000 | F | 84 | Bilateral microembolism pulmonary arteries | Mild well-controlled hypertension | None | Survived |
| Ohrui T., 2000 | M | 81 | Bilateral microembolism pulmonary arteries | Benign prostate hypertrophy | None | Survived |
| Bell M.L., 2004 | M | 4 | Focal partial occlusion of left middle cerebral artery origin | None | Survived with sequelae (speech disturbance and left occipital epileptiform activity) | |
| CDC, 2009 | M | 28 | Pulmonary embolism | Asthma, obesity | ARDS † | Death |
| CDC, 2009 | M | 21 | Pulmonary embolism | Obesity | ARDS † | Survived |
| CDC, 2009 | M | 35 | Pulmonary embolism | Obesity | ARDS † | Survived |
| CDC, 2009 | M | 43 | Pulmonary embolism | Obesity | ARDS † | Death |
| CDC, 2009 | M | 52 | Pulmonary embolism | None | ARDS † | Survived |
| Harms P.W., 2010 | M | 28 | Pulmonary embolism (antemortem diagnosis) | Asthma, hypertension, obesity | ARDS † | Death |
| Harms P.W., 2010 | M | 43 | Pulmonary embolism (antemortem diagnosis) | Hypertension, obesity | ARDS †, diarrhea caused by Clostridioides difficile | Death |
| Harms P.W., 2010 | M | 57 | Pulmonary embolism (right lung) postmortem diagnosis | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in remission, chronic renal failure | ARDS, bacterial pneumonia (Acinetobacter baumanii) | Death |
| Harms P.W., 2010 | M | 51 | Deep venous thrombosis (femoral/iliac) (antemortem diagnosis) | Sarcoidosis, chronic use of prednisone, obesity | ARDS † | Death |
| Harms P.W., 2010 | M | 23 | Pulmonary embolism postmortem diagnosis | Autism, seizures | ARDS †, MSSA ‡ (blood) | Death |
| Harms P.W., 2010 | M | 31 | Portal vein thrombosis (antemortem diagnosis) | OSA, COPD, Schizophrenia, hypertension, obesity, smoker | ARDS †, MRSA § (blood, nose, tracheostomy), VRE ¶ (tracheostomy) | Death |
| Harms P.W., 2010 | M | 57 | Pulmonary embolism (right lower lobe) (postmortem diagnosis) | Obesity | ARDS †, Enterococcus faecium (lung culture) | Death |
| Bunce P.E., 2011 | F | 50 | Infrarenal aorta thrombosis | Not reported | ECMO †† | Survived with sequelae (left-sided above knee amputation) |
| Bunce P.E., 2011 | M | 49 | ST-elevation myocardial infarction | Not reported | None | Death |
| Bunce P.E., 2011 | M | 35 | Bilateral DVT (femoral and iliac), presumed pulmonary embolism | Not reported | None | Death |
| Bunce P.E., 2011 | F | 18 | Left arm DVT | Not reported | None | Survived |
| Bunce P.E., 2011 | M | 46 | Right external iliac vein and common femoral vein thrombosis | Not reported | None | Survived |
| Bunce P.E., 2011 | M | 84 | Pulmonary embolism | Not reported | None | Survived |
| Bunce P.E., 2011 | M | 39 | ST-elevation myocardial infarction | Not reported | None | Survived with sequelae (developed left ventricle thrombus) |
| Mansurali N., 2011 | F | not reported | Pelvic deep-vein thrombosis | None | Non-traumatic subperiosteal hemorrhage, critical care polyneuropathy and dialysis-dependent acute renal insufficiency, ECMO †† | Survived |
| Frobert E., 2011 | F | 6.5 | Basilar artery with thalami ischemic infarction | None | Bacterial pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) | Survived with sequelae. Locked-in syndrome (spastic tetraplegia, axial hypotonia, areactivity, few eye blinks) |
| Hayakawa T, 2011 | F | 5 | Superior mesenteric vein complete thrombosis | Type 2 protein S deficiency | None | Survived, resection of ischemic small intestine |
| Krummel-McCracken K., 2011 | F | 34 | Multiple acute and subacute strokes throughout both hemispheres | Mental retardation, hypothyroidism, hypertension | ARDS † | Survived with sequelae (gait disturbance) |
| Citton R., 2012 | M | 42 | Pulmonary artery embolism, a right lower limb deep phlebothrombosis | None | Bacterial pneumonia (Legionella), subphrenic abscess | Survived, splenectomy for splenic rupture caused by diffuse intravascular coagulation |
| Burad J., 2012 | F | 50 | Multiple brain infarcts (right middle cerebral artery territory and cerebellum) | Mild schizophrenia | ARDS † | Survived with sequelae (left-sided weakness) |
| Gökçe M., 2012 | F | 16 | Left leg deep venous thrombosis | Cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia as complication of premature birth, surgery for developmental dysplasia of the left hip without thrombotic events | None | Survived |
| Honorat R., 2012 | F | <1 | Acute infarct in the left middle cerebral artery territory | None | None | Survived, discrete cortical residual atrophy |
| Simon M., 2013 | M | 26 | Cerebral (superior sagittal sinus) thrombosis | None | Encephalitis | Death |
| Calzedda R., 2014 | F | 2 | Massive ischemic area in the right parieto-temporal region and in the cerebral peduncle | None | None | Survived with sequelae (left arm movement impairment and a slight limp) |
| Iwanaga N., 2014 | M | 52 | Stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery and myocardial infarction | Chronic ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, smoker | Myocarditis | Death |
| Cheung A.Y., 2015 | F | 13 | Bilateral ischemic maculopathy (angiography) | Low protein S activity | Encephalitis | Survived with sequelae (visual acuity remained at light perception bilaterally) |
| Avnon L.S., 2015 | F | 19 | Bilateral cerebrovascular event | Pregnancy, 21 weeks | Bacterial pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae), spontaneous abortion, polyneuropathy, bilateral barotraumas | Survived with sequelae (left hemiparesis and aphasia) |
| Avnon L.S., 2015 | F | 28 | Acute anterior ST elevation | Pregnancy, 24 weeks | None | Death |
| Avnon L.S., 2015 | F | 40 | Subclavian and jugular DVT | Pregnancy, 36 weeks, emergency caesarean section | Barotraumas | Death |
| Avnon L.S., 2015 | M | 23 | Left subclavian DVT | B-cell lymphoma (recent induction chemotherapy), cerebral palsy | Neutropenic fever after chemotherapy, bilateral barotraumas, Staphylococcus aureus furunculosis of the skin, Guillan Barrè | Survived |
| Avnon L.S., 2015 | M | 22 | Right leg DVT | Acute myeloid leukemia | None | Survived |
| Breker D.A., 2015 | F | 13 | Ischemic lesions of both lateral geniculate nuclei and in the cerebellar vermis and dorsal midbrain, plus retinal ischemia at ophthalmoscopy in both eyes | None | None | Survived with sequelae (vision impairment) |
| Dimakakos E., 2016 | F | 49 | Pulmonary embolism | Dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism | None | Survived |
| Dimakakos E., 2016 | M | 38 | Pulmonary embolism | Smoker | None | Survived |
| Dimakakos E., 2016 | M | 47 | Pulmonary embolism + DVT | In hospital immobilization | None | Survived |
| Dimakakos E., 2016 | M | 73 | Pulmonary embolism | Coronary artery disease, smoker | None | Survived |
| Dimakakos E., 2016 | M | 54 | Pulmonary embolism | Dyslipidemia | None | Survived |
| Dimakakos E., 2016 | M | 47 | Pulmonary embolism | Smoker | None | Survived |
| Dimakakos E., 2016 | M | 49 | Pulmonary embolism | Hypertension, smoker | None | Survived |
| Huzmeli C., 2016 | M | 28 | Infrarenal aorta thrombosis, bilateral iliac artery thrombosis | Heart failure, pacemaker carrier, protein S activity low | Chronic renal failure, Acinetobacter baumanii sepsis | Death |
| Collins M.H., 2016 | M | 44 | Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, which extended into the main portal vein and proximal splenic vein | None | Intrahepatic hematoma requiring subselective hepatic artery embolization | Survived |
| Cho S.H., 2016 | F | 32 | Acute ischemic stroke (bilateral thalamus, midbrain, pons, cerebellum) | None | None | Not reported |
| Taniguchi D., 2017 | F | 52 | Deep cerebral venous thrombosis-occlusion of internal cerebral vein, the great vein of galen and the straight sinus-(RMN and angiography), pulmonary embolism | None | None | Survived with sequelae (slight memory and mild right-sided hemiparesis) |
| Arbit B., 2017 | M | 21 | Total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and acute myocardial infarction | Cocaine abuse five weeks prior to the onset of the flu-like symptoms, smoker | None | Survived |
| Cascio A., 2018 (our case) | M | 38 | Pulmonary embolism | None | None | Survived |
| Ishiguro T., 2019 | M | 58 | Deep venous thrombosis, acute pulmonary artery embolism, acute arterial embolism, left ventricular thrombus | Ischemic heart disease, hypertension, smoker | None | Survived with sequelae (amputation of the right foot) |
| Javedani P.P., 2019 | F | <1 | Right cerebral hemisphere infarction and cortical veins thrombosis | Intrauterine drug exposure | Seizures | Survived (discharged on levetiracetam) |
| Oh GM, 2020 | M | 64 | Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis | Dyslipidemia, hypertension | None | Survived |
| Mizutani K., 2020 | F | 40 | Simultaneous cerebral multifocal infarctions | CADASIL syndrome | None | Survived |
† Acute respiratory distress syndrome; ‡ Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; § Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; ¶ Vancomycin resistant enterococci; †† Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.