Table 3.
Joint effects and interactions between pioglitazone and major risk factors of inflammatory bowel disease.
| Risk Factor/Pioglitazone Use | Incident Case Number |
Cases Followed |
Person-Years | Incidence Rate (per 100,000 Person-Years) |
Hazard Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psoriasis (+)/Pioglitazone (−) | 3 | 419 | 1124.62 | 266.76 | 1.000 | ||
| Psoriasis (+)/Pioglitazone (+) | 6 | 374 | 994.22 | 603.49 | 2.329 | (0.581–9.332) | 0.2325 |
| Psoriasis (−)/Pioglitazone (−) | 136 | 12,344 | 32,863.69 | 413.83 | 1.602 | (0.509–5.043) | 0.4206 |
| Psoriasis (−)/Pioglitazone (+) | 107 | 12,389 | 33,160.38 | 322.67 | 1.250 | (0.396–3.947) | 0.7042 |
| P-interaction | 0.1286 | ||||||
| Arthropathies (+)/Pioglitazone (−) | 117 | 9628 | 25,741.21 | 454.52 | 1.000 | ||
| Arthropathies (+)/Pioglitazone (+) | 90 | 9685 | 25,978.83 | 346.44 | 0.763 | (0.580–1.005) | 0.0546 |
| Arthropathies (−)/Pioglitazone (−) | 22 | 3135 | 8247.10 | 266.76 | 0.687 | (0.427–1.107) | 0.1228 |
| Arthropathies (−)/Pioglitazone (+) | 23 | 3078 | 8175.77 | 281.32 | 0.731 | (0.457–1.169) | 0.1906 |
| P-interaction | 0.3149 | ||||||
| Dorsopathies (+)/Pioglitazone (−) | 113 | 9777 | 26,118.94 | 432.64 | 1.000 | ||
| Dorsopathies (+)/Pioglitazone (+) | 93 | 9792 | 26,258.73 | 354.17 | 0.820 | (0.623–1.079) | 0.1558 |
| Dorsopathies (−)/Pioglitazone (−) | 26 | 2986 | 7869.37 | 330.39 | 0.942 | (0.603–1.471) | 0.7920 |
| Dorsopathies (−)/Pioglitazone (+) | 20 | 2971 | 7895.87 | 253.30 | 0.726 | (0.444–1.188) | 0.2026 |
| P-interaction | 0.8522 | ||||||
| COPD/Tobacco abuse (+)/Pioglitazone (−) | 72 | 5960 | 15,908.15 | 452.60 | 1.000 | ||
| COPD/Tobacco abuse (+)/Pioglitazone (+) | 56 | 6038 | 16,163.84 | 346.45 | 0.760 | (0.536–1.079) | 0.1252 |
| COPD/Tobacco abuse (−)/Pioglitazone (−) | 67 | 6803 | 18,080.16 | 370.57 | 0.860 | (0.609–1.215) | 0.3932 |
| COPD/Tobacco abuse (−)/Pioglitazone (+) | 57 | 6725 | 17,990.76 | 316.83 | 0.744 | (0.520–1.066) | 0.1074 |
| P-interaction | 0.9709 | ||||||
| Any of the four (+)/Pioglitazone (−) | 130 | 11,333 | 30,243.27 | 429.85 | 1.000 | ||
| Any of the four (+)/Pioglitazone (+) | 104 | 11,370 | 30,483.71 | 341.17 | 0.797 | (0.615–1.031) | 0.0843 |
| All of the four (−)/Pioglitazone (−) | 9 | 1430 | 3745.04 | 240.32 | 0.660 | (0.332–1.310) | 0.2347 |
| All of the four (−)/Pioglitazone (+) | 9 | 1393 | 3670.88 | 245.17 | 0.668 | (0.336–1.327) | 0.2492 |
| P-interaction | 0.6240 |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.