Table 3.

Comparative Studies.

Comparative Studies
Study	Groups Studied and Intervention	Results and Findings	Conclusions
Study 1: High Effective of 14-Day High-Dose PPI- Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy with Probiotics Supplement for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication: A Double Blinded-Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31554388/ (accessed on 11 August 2022)	A total of 100 patients randomized to receive 7 or 14-day bismuth quadruple therapy with or without probiotic supplement.	Overall eradication rates were 68% and 96% for the 7- and 14-day probiotics group and reduced side effects compared to placebo (26% vs. 6%).	Adding probiotics can improve eradication rates and reduce side effects.
Study 3: Rifabutin-Based Triple Therapy or Bismuth-Based Quadruple Regimen As Rescue Therapies For Helicobacter pylori Infection https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32646659/ (accessed on 11 August 2022)	A total of 270 patients received rifabutin-based triple therapy for 12 days, and 153 patients received quadruple therapy with Pylera for 10 days.	Pylera therapy produced a greater eradication rate than rifabutin (88.3% vs. 61.9%).	Pylera is a good option over rifabutin, despite previous treatment failures.
Study 4: Two-week bismuth-containing quadruple therapy and concomitant therapy are effective first-line treatments for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A prospective open-label randomized trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31857780/ (accessed on 11 August 2022)	A total 68 patients in each group received either quadruple or concomitant therapy for 2 weeks.	The eradication rate of the quadruple therapy was higher than the concomitant group (88.2% vs. 79.4%) and had lower adverse events (33.8% vs. 51.5%).	Quadruple therapy was found to have higher eradication rates and better tolerability.
Study 5: Concomitant Therapy versus Triple Therapy: Efficacy in H. pylori Eradication and Predictors of Treatment Failure https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33645176/ (accessed on 11 August 2022)	A total 105 patients were treated with concomitant therapy and 106 with triple therapy for two weeks each.	Concomitant therapy achieved eradication rates of 91.9% and 77.2% for triple therapy.	Concomitant therapy achieved higher eradication rates than triple therapy.